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+Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                     M. Nottingham
+Request for Comments: 5785                               E. Hammer-Lahav
+Updates: 2616, 2818                                           April 2010
+Category: Standards Track
+ISSN: 2070-1721
+
+
+        Defining Well-Known Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs)
+
+Abstract
+
+   This memo defines a path prefix for "well-known locations",
+   "/.well-known/", in selected Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
+   schemes.
+
+Status of This Memo
+
+   This is an Internet Standards Track document.
+
+   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
+   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has
+   received public review and has been approved for publication by the
+   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on
+   Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
+
+   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
+   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
+   http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5785.
+
+Copyright Notice
+
+   Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
+   document authors.  All rights reserved.
+
+   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
+   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
+   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
+   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
+   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
+   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
+   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
+   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
+   described in the Simplified BSD License.
+
+
+
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+Nottingham & Hammer-Lahav    Standards Track                    [Page 1]
+
+RFC 5785                Defining Well-Known URIs              April 2010
+
+
+Table of Contents
+
+   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
+     1.1.  Appropriate Use of Well-Known URIs  . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
+   2.  Notational Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
+   3.  Well-Known URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
+   4.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
+   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
+     5.1.  The Well-Known URI Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
+       5.1.1.  Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+   6.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+     6.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+     6.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
+   Appendix A.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
+   Appendix B.  Frequently Asked Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
+
+1.  Introduction
+
+   It is increasingly common for Web-based protocols to require the
+   discovery of policy or other information about a host ("site-wide
+   metadata") before making a request.  For example, the Robots
+   Exclusion Protocol <http://www.robotstxt.org/> specifies a way for
+   automated processes to obtain permission to access resources;
+   likewise, the Platform for Privacy Preferences [W3C.REC-P3P-20020416]
+   tells user-agents how to discover privacy policy beforehand.
+
+   While there are several ways to access per-resource metadata (e.g.,
+   HTTP headers, WebDAV's PROPFIND [RFC4918]), the perceived overhead
+   (either in terms of client-perceived latency and/or deployment
+   difficulties) associated with them often precludes their use in these
+   scenarios.
+
+   When this happens, it is common to designate a "well-known location"
+   for such data, so that it can be easily located.  However, this
+   approach has the drawback of risking collisions, both with other such
+   designated "well-known locations" and with pre-existing resources.
+
+   To address this, this memo defines a path prefix in HTTP(S) URIs for
+   these "well-known locations", "/.well-known/".  Future specifications
+   that need to define a resource for such site-wide metadata can
+   register their use to avoid collisions and minimise impingement upon
+   sites' URI space.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Nottingham & Hammer-Lahav    Standards Track                    [Page 2]
+
+RFC 5785                Defining Well-Known URIs              April 2010
+
+
+1.1.  Appropriate Use of Well-Known URIs
+
+   There are a number of possible ways that applications could use Well-
+   known URIs.  However, in keeping with the Architecture of the World-
+   Wide Web [W3C.REC-webarch-20041215], well-known URIs are not intended
+   for general information retrieval or establishment of large URI
+   namespaces on the Web.  Rather, they are designed to facilitate
+   discovery of information on a site when it isn't practical to use
+   other mechanisms; for example, when discovering policy that needs to
+   be evaluated before a resource is accessed, or when using multiple
+   round-trips is judged detrimental to performance.
+
+   As such, the well-known URI space was created with the expectation
+   that it will be used to make site-wide policy information and other
+   metadata available directly (if sufficiently concise), or provide
+   references to other URIs that provide such metadata.
+
+2.  Notational Conventions
+
+   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
+   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
+   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
+
+3.  Well-Known URIs
+
+   A well-known URI is a URI [RFC3986] whose path component begins with
+   the characters "/.well-known/", and whose scheme is "HTTP", "HTTPS",
+   or another scheme that has explicitly been specified to use well-
+   known URIs.
+
+   Applications that wish to mint new well-known URIs MUST register
+   them, following the procedures in Section 5.1.
+
+   For example, if an application registers the name 'example', the
+   corresponding well-known URI on 'http://www.example.com/' would be
+   'http://www.example.com/.well-known/example'.
+
+   Registered names MUST conform to the segment-nz production in
+   [RFC3986].
+
+   Note that this specification defines neither how to determine the
+   authority to use for a particular context, nor the scope of the
+   metadata discovered by dereferencing the well-known URI; both should
+   be defined by the application itself.
+
+   Typically, a registration will reference a specification that defines
+   the format and associated media type to be obtained by dereferencing
+   the well-known URI.
+
+
+
+Nottingham & Hammer-Lahav    Standards Track                    [Page 3]
+
+RFC 5785                Defining Well-Known URIs              April 2010
+
+
+   It MAY also contain additional information, such as the syntax of
+   additional path components, query strings and/or fragment identifiers
+   to be appended to the well-known URI, or protocol-specific details
+   (e.g., HTTP [RFC2616] method handling).
+
+   Note that this specification does not define a format or media-type
+   for the resource located at "/.well-known/" and clients should not
+   expect a resource to exist at that location.
+
+4.  Security Considerations
+
+   This memo does not specify the scope of applicability of metadata or
+   policy obtained from a well-known URI, and does not specify how to
+   discover a well-known URI for a particular application.  Individual
+   applications using this mechanism must define both aspects.
+
+   Applications minting new well-known URIs, as well as administrators
+   deploying them, will need to consider several security-related
+   issues, including (but not limited to) exposure of sensitive data,
+   denial-of-service attacks (in addition to normal load issues), server
+   and client authentication, vulnerability to DNS rebinding attacks,
+   and attacks where limited access to a server grants the ability to
+   affect how well-known URIs are served.
+
+5.  IANA Considerations
+
+5.1.  The Well-Known URI Registry
+
+   This document establishes the well-known URI registry.
+
+   Well-known URIs are registered on the advice of one or more
+   Designated Experts (appointed by the IESG or their delegate), with a
+   Specification Required (using terminology from [RFC5226]).  However,
+   to allow for the allocation of values prior to publication, the
+   Designated Expert(s) may approve registration once they are satisfied
+   that such a specification will be published.
+
+   Registration requests should be sent to the
+   wellknown-uri-review@ietf.org mailing list for review and comment,
+   with an appropriate subject (e.g., "Request for well-known URI:
+   example").
+
+   Before a period of 14 days has passed, the Designated Expert(s) will
+   either approve or deny the registration request, communicating this
+   decision both to the review list and to IANA.  Denials should include
+   an explanation and, if applicable, suggestions as to how to make the
+
+
+
+
+
+Nottingham & Hammer-Lahav    Standards Track                    [Page 4]
+
+RFC 5785                Defining Well-Known URIs              April 2010
+
+
+   request successful.  Registration requests that are undetermined for
+   a period longer than 21 days can be brought to the IESG's attention
+   (using the iesg@iesg.org mailing list) for resolution.
+
+5.1.1.  Registration Template
+
+   URI suffix:  The name requested for the well-known URI, relative to
+      "/.well-known/"; e.g., "example".
+
+   Change controller:  For Standards-Track RFCs, state "IETF".  For
+      others, give the name of the responsible party.  Other details
+      (e.g., postal address, e-mail address, home page URI) may also be
+      included.
+
+   Specification document(s):  Reference to the document that specifies
+      the field, preferably including a URI that can be used to retrieve
+      a copy of the document.  An indication of the relevant sections
+      may also be included, but is not required.
+
+   Related information:  Optionally, citations to additional documents
+      containing further relevant information.
+
+6.  References
+
+6.1.  Normative References
+
+   [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
+             Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
+
+   [RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L.  Masinter, "Uniform
+             Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
+             RFC 3986, January 2005.
+
+   [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
+             IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
+             May 2008.
+
+6.2.  Informative References
+
+   [RFC2616] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter,
+             L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer
+             Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
+
+   [RFC4918] Dusseault, L., "HTTP Extensions for Web Distributed
+             Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)", RFC 4918, June 2007.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Nottingham & Hammer-Lahav    Standards Track                    [Page 5]
+
+RFC 5785                Defining Well-Known URIs              April 2010
+
+
+   [W3C.REC-P3P-20020416]
+             Marchiori, M., "The Platform for Privacy Preferences 1.0
+             (P3P1.0) Specification", World Wide Web Consortium
+             Recommendation REC-P3P-20020416, April 2002,
+             <http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/ REC-P3P-20020416>.
+
+   [W3C.REC-webarch-20041215]
+             Jacobs, I. and N. Walsh, "Architecture of the World Wide
+             Web, Volume One", World Wide Web Consortium
+             Recommendation REC- webarch-20041215, December 2004,
+             <http:// www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-webarch-20041215>.
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+Nottingham & Hammer-Lahav    Standards Track                    [Page 6]
+
+RFC 5785                Defining Well-Known URIs              April 2010
+
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+Appendix A.  Acknowledgements
+
+   We would like to acknowledge the contributions of everyone who
+   provided feedback and use cases for this document; in particular,
+   Phil Archer, Dirk Balfanz, Adam Barth, Tim Bray, Brian Eaton, Brad
+   Fitzpatrick, Joe Gregorio, Paul Hoffman, Barry Leiba, Ashok Malhotra,
+   Breno de Medeiros, John Panzer, and Drummond Reed.  However, they are
+   not responsible for errors and omissions.
+
+Appendix B.  Frequently Asked Questions
+
+   1. Aren't well-known locations bad for the Web?
+
+      They are, but for various reasons -- both technical and social --
+      they are commonly used and their use is increasing.  This memo
+      defines a "sandbox" for them, to reduce the risks of collision and
+      to minimise the impact upon pre-existing URIs on sites.
+
+   2. Why /.well-known?
+
+      It's short, descriptive, and according to search indices, not
+      widely used.
+
+   3. What impact does this have on existing mechanisms, such as P3P and
+      robots.txt?
+
+      None, until they choose to use this mechanism.
+
+   4. Why aren't per-directory well-known locations defined?
+
+      Allowing every URI path segment to have a well-known location
+      (e.g., "/images/.well-known/") would increase the risks of
+      colliding with a pre-existing URI on a site, and generally these
+      solutions are found not to scale well, because they're too
+      "chatty".
+
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+Nottingham & Hammer-Lahav    Standards Track                    [Page 7]
+
+RFC 5785                Defining Well-Known URIs              April 2010
+
+
+Authors' Addresses
+
+   Mark Nottingham
+
+   EMail: mnot@mnot.net
+   URI:   http://www.mnot.net/
+
+
+   Eran Hammer-Lahav
+
+   EMail: eran@hueniverse.com
+   URI:   http://hueniverse.com/
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+Nottingham & Hammer-Lahav    Standards Track                    [Page 8]
+