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authorMario Vavti <mario@mariovavti.com>2017-12-18 15:48:49 +0100
committerMario Vavti <mario@mariovavti.com>2017-12-18 15:48:49 +0100
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-Smarty 3.x
-
-Author: Monte Ohrt <monte at ohrt dot com >
-Author: Uwe Tews
-
-AN INTRODUCTION TO SMARTY 3
-
-NOTICE FOR 3.1 release:
-
-Please see the SMARTY_3.1_NOTES.txt file that comes with the distribution.
-
-NOTICE for 3.0.5 release:
-
-Smarty now follows the PHP error_reporting level by default. If PHP does not mask E_NOTICE and you try to access an unset template variable, you will now get an E_NOTICE warning. To revert to the old behavior:
-
-$smarty->error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE;
-
-NOTICE for 3.0 release:
-
-IMPORTANT: Some API adjustments have been made between the RC4 and 3.0 release.
-We felt it is better to make these now instead of after a 3.0 release, then have to
-immediately deprecate APIs in 3.1. Online documentation has been updated
-to reflect these changes. Specifically:
-
----- API CHANGES RC4 -> 3.0 ----
-
-$smarty->register->*
-$smarty->unregister->*
-$smarty->utility->*
-$samrty->cache->*
-
-Have all been changed to local method calls such as:
-
-$smarty->clearAllCache()
-$smarty->registerFoo()
-$smarty->unregisterFoo()
-$smarty->testInstall()
-etc.
-
-Registration of function, block, compiler, and modifier plugins have been
-consolidated under two API calls:
-
-$smarty->registerPlugin(...)
-$smarty->unregisterPlugin(...)
-
-Registration of pre, post, output and variable filters have been
-consolidated under two API calls:
-
-$smarty->registerFilter(...)
-$smarty->unregisterFilter(...)
-
-Please refer to the online documentation for all specific changes:
-
-http://www.smarty.net/documentation
-
-----
-
-The Smarty 3 API has been refactored to a syntax geared
-for consistency and modularity. The Smarty 2 API syntax is still supported, but
-will throw a deprecation notice. You can disable the notices, but it is highly
-recommended to adjust your syntax to Smarty 3, as the Smarty 2 syntax must run
-through an extra rerouting wrapper.
-
-Basically, all Smarty methods now follow the "fooBarBaz" camel case syntax. Also,
-all Smarty properties now have getters and setters. So for example, the property
-$smarty->cache_dir can be set with $smarty->setCacheDir('foo/') and can be
-retrieved with $smarty->getCacheDir().
-
-Some of the Smarty 3 APIs have been revoked such as the "is*" methods that were
-just duplicate functions of the now available "get*" methods.
-
-Here is a rundown of the Smarty 3 API:
-
-$smarty->fetch($template, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $parent = null)
-$smarty->display($template, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $parent = null)
-$smarty->isCached($template, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null)
-$smarty->createData($parent = null)
-$smarty->createTemplate($template, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $parent = null)
-$smarty->enableSecurity()
-$smarty->disableSecurity()
-$smarty->setTemplateDir($template_dir)
-$smarty->addTemplateDir($template_dir)
-$smarty->templateExists($resource_name)
-$smarty->loadPlugin($plugin_name, $check = true)
-$smarty->loadFilter($type, $name)
-$smarty->setExceptionHandler($handler)
-$smarty->addPluginsDir($plugins_dir)
-$smarty->getGlobal($varname = null)
-$smarty->getRegisteredObject($name)
-$smarty->getDebugTemplate()
-$smarty->setDebugTemplate($tpl_name)
-$smarty->assign($tpl_var, $value = null, $nocache = false)
-$smarty->assignGlobal($varname, $value = null, $nocache = false)
-$smarty->assignByRef($tpl_var, &$value, $nocache = false)
-$smarty->append($tpl_var, $value = null, $merge = false, $nocache = false)
-$smarty->appendByRef($tpl_var, &$value, $merge = false)
-$smarty->clearAssign($tpl_var)
-$smarty->clearAllAssign()
-$smarty->configLoad($config_file, $sections = null)
-$smarty->getVariable($variable, $_ptr = null, $search_parents = true, $error_enable = true)
-$smarty->getConfigVariable($variable)
-$smarty->getStreamVariable($variable)
-$smarty->getConfigVars($varname = null)
-$smarty->clearConfig($varname = null)
-$smarty->getTemplateVars($varname = null, $_ptr = null, $search_parents = true)
-$smarty->clearAllCache($exp_time = null, $type = null)
-$smarty->clearCache($template_name, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $exp_time = null, $type = null)
-
-$smarty->registerPlugin($type, $tag, $callback, $cacheable = true, $cache_attr = array())
-
-$smarty->registerObject($object_name, $object_impl, $allowed = array(), $smarty_args = true, $block_methods = array())
-
-$smarty->registerFilter($type, $function_name)
-$smarty->registerResource($resource_type, $function_names)
-$smarty->registerDefaultPluginHandler($function_name)
-$smarty->registerDefaultTemplateHandler($function_name)
-
-$smarty->unregisterPlugin($type, $tag)
-$smarty->unregisterObject($object_name)
-$smarty->unregisterFilter($type, $function_name)
-$smarty->unregisterResource($resource_type)
-
-$smarty->compileAllTemplates($extension = '.tpl', $force_compile = false, $time_limit = 0, $max_errors = null)
-$smarty->clearCompiledTemplate($resource_name = null, $compile_id = null, $exp_time = null)
-$smarty->testInstall()
-
-// then all the getters/setters, available for all properties. Here are a few:
-
-$caching = $smarty->getCaching(); // get $smarty->caching
-$smarty->setCaching(true); // set $smarty->caching
-$smarty->setDeprecationNotices(false); // set $smarty->deprecation_notices
-$smarty->setCacheId($id); // set $smarty->cache_id
-$debugging = $smarty->getDebugging(); // get $smarty->debugging
-
-
-FILE STRUCTURE
-
-The Smarty 3 file structure is similar to Smarty 2:
-
-/libs/
- Smarty.class.php
-/libs/sysplugins/
- internal.*
-/libs/plugins/
- function.mailto.php
- modifier.escape.php
- ...
-
-A lot of Smarty 3 core functionality lies in the sysplugins directory; you do
-not need to change any files here. The /libs/plugins/ folder is where Smarty
-plugins are located. You can add your own here, or create a separate plugin
-directory, just the same as Smarty 2. You will still need to create your own
-/cache/, /templates/, /templates_c/, /configs/ folders. Be sure /cache/ and
-/templates_c/ are writable.
-
-The typical way to use Smarty 3 should also look familiar:
-
-require('Smarty.class.php');
-$smarty = new Smarty;
-$smarty->assign('foo','bar');
-$smarty->display('index.tpl');
-
-
-However, Smarty 3 works completely different on the inside. Smarty 3 is mostly
-backward compatible with Smarty 2, except for the following items:
-
-*) Smarty 3 is PHP 5 only. It will not work with PHP 4.
-*) The {php} tag is disabled by default. Enable with $smarty->allow_php_tag=true.
-*) Delimiters surrounded by whitespace are no longer treated as Smarty tags.
- Therefore, { foo } will not compile as a tag, you must use {foo}. This change
- Makes Javascript/CSS easier to work with, eliminating the need for {literal}.
- This can be disabled by setting $smarty->auto_literal = false;
-*) The Smarty 3 API is a bit different. Many Smarty 2 API calls are deprecated
- but still work. You will want to update your calls to Smarty 3 for maximum
- efficiency.
-
-
-There are many things that are new to Smarty 3. Here are the notable items:
-
-LEXER/PARSER
-============
-
-Smarty 3 now uses a lexing tokenizer for its parser/compiler. Basically, this
-means Smarty has some syntax additions that make life easier such as in-template
-math, shorter/intuitive function parameter options, infinite function recursion,
-more accurate error handling, etc.
-
-
-WHAT IS NEW IN SMARTY TEMPLATE SYNTAX
-=====================================
-
-Smarty 3 allows expressions almost anywhere. Expressions can include PHP
-functions as long as they are not disabled by the security policy, object
-methods and properties, etc. The {math} plugin is no longer necessary but
-is still supported for BC.
-
-Examples:
-{$x+$y} will output the sum of x and y.
-{$foo = strlen($bar)} function in assignment
-{assign var=foo value= $x+$y} in attributes
-{$foo = myfunct( ($x+$y)*3 )} as function parameter
-{$foo[$x+3]} as array index
-
-Smarty tags can be used as values within other tags.
-Example: {$foo={counter}+3}
-
-Smarty tags can also be used inside double quoted strings.
-Example: {$foo="this is message {counter}"}
-
-You can define arrays within templates.
-Examples:
-{assign var=foo value=[1,2,3]}
-{assign var=foo value=['y'=>'yellow','b'=>'blue']}
-Arrays can be nested.
-{assign var=foo value=[1,[9,8],3]}
-
-There is a new short syntax supported for assigning variables.
-Example: {$foo=$bar+2}
-
-You can assign a value to a specific array element. If the variable exists but
-is not an array, it is converted to an array before the new values are assigned.
-Examples:
-{$foo['bar']=1}
-{$foo['bar']['blar']=1}
-
-You can append values to an array. If the variable exists but is not an array,
-it is converted to an array before the new values are assigned.
-Example: {$foo[]=1}
-
-You can use a PHP-like syntax for accessing array elements, as well as the
-original "dot" notation.
-Examples:
-{$foo[1]} normal access
-{$foo['bar']}
-{$foo['bar'][1]}
-{$foo[$x+$x]} index may contain any expression
-{$foo[$bar[1]]} nested index
-{$foo[section_name]} smarty section access, not array access!
-
-The original "dot" notation stays, and with improvements.
-Examples:
-{$foo.a.b.c} => $foo['a']['b']['c']
-{$foo.a.$b.c} => $foo['a'][$b]['c'] with variable index
-{$foo.a.{$b+4}.c} => $foo['a'][$b+4]['c'] with expression as index
-{$foo.a.{$b.c}} => $foo['a'][$b['c']] with nested index
-
-note that { and } are used to address ambiguties when nesting the dot syntax.
-
-Variable names themselves can be variable and contain expressions.
-Examples:
-$foo normal variable
-$foo_{$bar} variable name containing other variable
-$foo_{$x+$y} variable name containing expressions
-$foo_{$bar}_buh_{$blar} variable name with multiple segments
-{$foo_{$x}} will output the variable $foo_1 if $x has a value of 1.
-
-Object method chaining is implemented.
-Example: {$object->method1($x)->method2($y)}
-
-{for} tag added for looping (replacement for {section} tag):
-{for $x=0, $y=count($foo); $x<$y; $x++} .... {/for}
-Any number of statements can be used separated by comma as the first
-inital expression at {for}.
-
-{for $x = $start to $end step $step} ... {/for}is in the SVN now .
-You can use also
-{for $x = $start to $end} ... {/for}
-In this case the step value will be automaticall 1 or -1 depending on the start and end values.
-Instead of $start and $end you can use any valid expression.
-Inside the loop the following special vars can be accessed:
-$x@iteration = number of iteration
-$x@total = total number of iterations
-$x@first = true on first iteration
-$x@last = true on last iteration
-
-
-The Smarty 2 {section} syntax is still supported.
-
-New shorter {foreach} syntax to loop over an array.
-Example: {foreach $myarray as $var}...{/foreach}
-
-Within the foreach loop, properties are access via:
-
-$var@key foreach $var array key
-$var@iteration foreach current iteration count (1,2,3...)
-$var@index foreach current index count (0,1,2...)
-$var@total foreach $var array total
-$var@first true on first iteration
-$var@last true on last iteration
-
-The Smarty 2 {foreach} tag syntax is still supported.
-
-NOTE: {$bar[foo]} still indicates a variable inside of a {section} named foo.
-If you want to access an array element with index foo, you must use quotes
-such as {$bar['foo']}, or use the dot syntax {$bar.foo}.
-
-while block tag is now implemented:
-{while $foo}...{/while}
-{while $x lt 10}...{/while}
-
-Direct access to PHP functions:
-Just as you can use PHP functions as modifiers directly, you can now access
-PHP functions directly, provided they are permitted by security settings:
-{time()}
-
-There is a new {function}...{/function} block tag to implement a template function.
-This enables reuse of code sequences like a plugin function. It can call itself recursively.
-Template function must be called with the new {call name=foo...} tag.
-
-Example:
-
-Template file:
-{function name=menu level=0}
- <ul class="level{$level}">
- {foreach $data as $entry}
- {if is_array($entry)}
- <li>{$entry@key}</li>
- {call name=menu data=$entry level=$level+1}
- {else}
- <li>{$entry}</li>
- {/if}
- {/foreach}
- </ul>
-{/function}
-
-{$menu = ['item1','item2','item3' => ['item3-1','item3-2','item3-3' =>
- ['item3-3-1','item3-3-2']],'item4']}
-
-{call name=menu data=$menu}
-
-
-Generated output:
- * item1
- * item2
- * item3
- o item3-1
- o item3-2
- o item3-3
- + item3-3-1
- + item3-3-2
- * item4
-
-The function tag itself must have the "name" attribute. This name is the tag
-name when calling the function. The function tag may have any number of
-additional attributes. These will be default settings for local variables.
-
-New {nocache} block function:
-{nocache}...{/nocache} will declare a section of the template to be non-cached
-when template caching is enabled.
-
-New nocache attribute:
-You can declare variable/function output as non-cached with the nocache attribute.
-Examples:
-
-{$foo nocache=true}
-{$foo nocache} /* same */
-
-{foo bar="baz" nocache=true}
-{foo bar="baz" nocache} /* same */
-
-{time() nocache=true}
-{time() nocache} /* same */
-
-Or you can also assign the variable in your script as nocache:
-$smarty->assign('foo',$something,true); // third param is nocache setting
-{$foo} /* non-cached */
-
-$smarty.current_dir returns the directory name of the current template.
-
-You can use strings directly as templates with the "string" resource type.
-Examples:
-$smarty->display('string:This is my template, {$foo}!'); // php
-{include file="string:This is my template, {$foo}!"} // template
-
-
-
-VARIABLE SCOPE / VARIABLE STORAGE
-=================================
-
-In Smarty 2, all assigned variables were stored within the Smarty object.
-Therefore, all variables assigned in PHP were accessible by all subsequent
-fetch and display template calls.
-
-In Smarty 3, we have the choice to assign variables to the main Smarty object,
-to user-created data objects, and to user-created template objects.
-These objects can be chained. The object at the end of a chain can access all
-variables belonging to that template and all variables within the parent objects.
-The Smarty object can only be the root of a chain, but a chain can be isolated
-from the Smarty object.
-
-All known Smarty assignment interfaces will work on the data and template objects.
-
-Besides the above mentioned objects, there is also a special storage area for
-global variables.
-
-A Smarty data object can be created as follows:
-$data = $smarty->createData(); // create root data object
-$data->assign('foo','bar'); // assign variables as usual
-$data->config_load('my.conf'); // load config file
-
-$data= $smarty->createData($smarty); // create data object having a parent link to
-the Smarty object
-
-$data2= $smarty->createData($data); // create data object having a parent link to
-the $data data object
-
-A template object can be created by using the createTemplate method. It has the
-same parameter assignments as the fetch() or display() method.
-Function definition:
-function createTemplate($template, $cache_id = null, $compile_id = null, $parent = null)
-
-The first parameter can be a template name, a smarty object or a data object.
-
-Examples:
-$tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('mytpl.tpl'); // create template object not linked to any parent
-$tpl->assign('foo','bar'); // directly assign variables
-$tpl->config_load('my.conf'); // load config file
-
-$tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('mytpl.tpl',$smarty); // create template having a parent link to the Smarty object
-$tpl = $smarty->createTemplate('mytpl.tpl',$data); // create template having a parent link to the $data object
-
-The standard fetch() and display() methods will implicitly create a template object.
-If the $parent parameter is not specified in these method calls, the template object
-is will link back to the Smarty object as it's parent.
-
-If a template is called by an {include...} tag from another template, the
-subtemplate links back to the calling template as it's parent.
-
-All variables assigned locally or from a parent template are accessible. If the
-template creates or modifies a variable by using the {assign var=foo...} or
-{$foo=...} tags, these new values are only known locally (local scope). When the
-template exits, none of the new variables or modifications can be seen in the
-parent template(s). This is same behavior as in Smarty 2.
-
-With Smarty 3, we can assign variables with a scope attribute which allows the
-availablility of these new variables or modifications globally (ie in the parent
-templates.)
-
-Possible scopes are local, parent, root and global.
-Examples:
-{assign var=foo value='bar'} // no scope is specified, the default 'local'
-{$foo='bar'} // same, local scope
-{assign var=foo value='bar' scope='local'} // same, local scope
-
-{assign var=foo value='bar' scope='parent'} // Values will be available to the parent object
-{$foo='bar' scope='parent'} // (normally the calling template)
-
-{assign var=foo value='bar' scope='root'} // Values will be exported up to the root object, so they can
-{$foo='bar' scope='root'} // be seen from all templates using the same root.
-
-{assign var=foo value='bar' scope='global'} // Values will be exported to global variable storage,
-{$foo='bar' scope='global'} // they are available to any and all templates.
-
-
-The scope attribute can also be attached to the {include...} tag. In this case,
-the specified scope will be the default scope for all assignments within the
-included template.
-
-
-PLUGINS
-=======
-
-Smarty 3 plugins follow the same coding rules as in Smarty 2.
-The main difference is that the template object is now passed in place of the smarty object.
-The smarty object can be still be accessed through $template->smarty.
-
-smarty_plugintype_name (array $params, Smarty_Internal_Template $template)
-
-The Smarty 2 plugins are still compatible as long as they do not make use of specific Smarty 2 internals.
-
-
-TEMPLATE INHERITANCE:
-=====================
-
-With template inheritance you can define blocks, which are areas that can be
-overriden by child templates, so your templates could look like this:
-
-parent.tpl:
-<html>
- <head>
- <title>{block name='title'}My site name{/block}</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>{block name='page-title'}Default page title{/block}</h1>
- <div id="content">
- {block name='content'}
- Default content
- {/block}
- </div>
- </body>
-</html>
-
-child.tpl:
-{extends file='parent.tpl'}
-{block name='title'}
-Child title
-{/block}
-
-grandchild.tpl:
-{extends file='child.tpl'}
-{block name='title'}Home - {$smarty.block.parent}{/block}
-{block name='page-title'}My home{/block}
-{block name='content'}
- {foreach $images as $img}
- <img src="{$img.url}" alt="{$img.description}" />
- {/foreach}
-{/block}
-
-We redefined all the blocks here, however in the title block we used {$smarty.block.parent},
-which tells Smarty to insert the default content from the parent template in its place.
-The content block was overriden to display the image files, and page-title has also be
-overriden to display a completely different title.
-
-If we render grandchild.tpl we will get this:
-<html>
- <head>
- <title>Home - Child title</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>My home</h1>
- <div id="content">
- <img src="/example.jpg" alt="image" />
- <img src="/example2.jpg" alt="image" />
- <img src="/example3.jpg" alt="image" />
- </div>
- </body>
-</html>
-
-NOTE: In the child templates everything outside the {extends} or {block} tag sections
-is ignored.
-
-The inheritance tree can be as big as you want (meaning you can extend a file that
-extends another one that extends another one and so on..), but be aware that all files
-have to be checked for modifications at runtime so the more inheritance the more overhead you add.
-
-Instead of defining the parent/child relationships with the {extends} tag in the child template you
-can use the resource as follow:
-
-$smarty->display('extends:parent.tpl|child.tpl|grandchild.tpl');
-
-Child {block} tags may optionally have a append or prepend attribute. In this case the parent block content
-is appended or prepended to the child block content.
-
-{block name='title' append} My title {/block}
-
-
-PHP STREAMS:
-============
-
-(see online documentation)
-
-VARIBLE FILTERS:
-================
-
-(see online documentation)
-
-
-STATIC CLASS ACCESS AND NAMESPACE SUPPORT
-=========================================
-
-You can register a class with optional namespace for the use in the template like:
-
-$smarty->register->templateClass('foo','name\name2\myclass');
-
-In the template you can use it like this:
-{foo::method()} etc.
-
-
-=======================
-
-Please look through it and send any questions/suggestions/etc to the forums.
-
-http://www.phpinsider.com/smarty-forum/viewtopic.php?t=14168
-
-Monte and Uwe