require 'set'

class Module
  # Error generated by +delegate+ when a method is called on +nil+ and +allow_nil+
  # option is not used.
  class DelegationError < NoMethodError; end

  DELEGATION_RESERVED_METHOD_NAMES = Set.new(
    %w(_ arg args alias and BEGIN begin block break case class def defined? do
       else elsif END end ensure false for if in module next nil not or redo
       rescue retry return self super then true undef unless until when while
       yield)
  ).freeze

  # Provides a +delegate+ class method to easily expose contained objects'
  # public methods as your own.
  #
  # ==== Options
  # * <tt>:to</tt> - Specifies the target object
  # * <tt>:prefix</tt> - Prefixes the new method with the target name or a custom prefix
  # * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - if set to true, prevents a +NoMethodError+ from being raised
  #
  # The macro receives one or more method names (specified as symbols or
  # strings) and the name of the target object via the <tt>:to</tt> option
  # (also a symbol or string).
  #
  # Delegation is particularly useful with Active Record associations:
  #
  #   class Greeter < ActiveRecord::Base
  #     def hello
  #       'hello'
  #     end
  #
  #     def goodbye
  #       'goodbye'
  #     end
  #   end
  #
  #   class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base
  #     belongs_to :greeter
  #     delegate :hello, to: :greeter
  #   end
  #
  #   Foo.new.hello   # => "hello"
  #   Foo.new.goodbye # => NoMethodError: undefined method `goodbye' for #<Foo:0x1af30c>
  #
  # Multiple delegates to the same target are allowed:
  #
  #   class Foo < ActiveRecord::Base
  #     belongs_to :greeter
  #     delegate :hello, :goodbye, to: :greeter
  #   end
  #
  #   Foo.new.goodbye # => "goodbye"
  #
  # Methods can be delegated to instance variables, class variables, or constants
  # by providing them as a symbols:
  #
  #   class Foo
  #     CONSTANT_ARRAY = [0,1,2,3]
  #     @@class_array  = [4,5,6,7]
  #
  #     def initialize
  #       @instance_array = [8,9,10,11]
  #     end
  #     delegate :sum, to: :CONSTANT_ARRAY
  #     delegate :min, to: :@@class_array
  #     delegate :max, to: :@instance_array
  #   end
  #
  #   Foo.new.sum # => 6
  #   Foo.new.min # => 4
  #   Foo.new.max # => 11
  #
  # It's also possible to delegate a method to the class by using +:class+:
  #
  #   class Foo
  #     def self.hello
  #       "world"
  #     end
  #
  #     delegate :hello, to: :class
  #   end
  #
  #   Foo.new.hello # => "world"
  #
  # Delegates can optionally be prefixed using the <tt>:prefix</tt> option. If the value
  # is <tt>true</tt>, the delegate methods are prefixed with the name of the object being
  # delegated to.
  #
  #   Person = Struct.new(:name, :address)
  #
  #   class Invoice < Struct.new(:client)
  #     delegate :name, :address, to: :client, prefix: true
  #   end
  #
  #   john_doe = Person.new('John Doe', 'Vimmersvej 13')
  #   invoice = Invoice.new(john_doe)
  #   invoice.client_name    # => "John Doe"
  #   invoice.client_address # => "Vimmersvej 13"
  #
  # It is also possible to supply a custom prefix.
  #
  #   class Invoice < Struct.new(:client)
  #     delegate :name, :address, to: :client, prefix: :customer
  #   end
  #
  #   invoice = Invoice.new(john_doe)
  #   invoice.customer_name    # => 'John Doe'
  #   invoice.customer_address # => 'Vimmersvej 13'
  #
  # If the target is +nil+ and does not respond to the delegated method a
  # +NoMethodError+ is raised, as with any other value. Sometimes, however, it
  # makes sense to be robust to that situation and that is the purpose of the
  # <tt>:allow_nil</tt> option: If the target is not +nil+, or it is and
  # responds to the method, everything works as usual. But if it is +nil+ and
  # does not respond to the delegated method, +nil+ is returned.
  #
  #   class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  #     has_one :profile
  #     delegate :age, to: :profile
  #   end
  #
  #   User.new.age # raises NoMethodError: undefined method `age'
  #
  # But if not having a profile yet is fine and should not be an error
  # condition:
  #
  #   class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  #     has_one :profile
  #     delegate :age, to: :profile, allow_nil: true
  #   end
  #
  #   User.new.age # nil
  #
  # Note that if the target is not +nil+ then the call is attempted regardless of the
  # <tt>:allow_nil</tt> option, and thus an exception is still raised if said object
  # does not respond to the method:
  #
  #   class Foo
  #     def initialize(bar)
  #       @bar = bar
  #     end
  #
  #     delegate :name, to: :@bar, allow_nil: true
  #   end
  #
  #   Foo.new("Bar").name # raises NoMethodError: undefined method `name'
  #
  # The target method must be public, otherwise it will raise +NoMethodError+.
  def delegate(*methods, to: nil, prefix: nil, allow_nil: nil)
    unless to
      raise ArgumentError, 'Delegation needs a target. Supply an options hash with a :to key as the last argument (e.g. delegate :hello, to: :greeter).'
    end

    if prefix == true && to =~ /^[^a-z_]/
      raise ArgumentError, 'Can only automatically set the delegation prefix when delegating to a method.'
    end

    method_prefix = \
      if prefix
        "#{prefix == true ? to : prefix}_"
      else
        ''
      end

    file, line = caller(1, 1).first.split(':'.freeze, 2)
    line = line.to_i

    to = to.to_s
    to = "self.#{to}" if DELEGATION_RESERVED_METHOD_NAMES.include?(to)

    methods.each do |method|
      # Attribute writer methods only accept one argument. Makes sure []=
      # methods still accept two arguments.
      definition = (method =~ /[^\]]=$/) ? 'arg' : '*args, &block'

      # The following generated method calls the target exactly once, storing
      # the returned value in a dummy variable.
      #
      # Reason is twofold: On one hand doing less calls is in general better.
      # On the other hand it could be that the target has side-effects,
      # whereas conceptually, from the user point of view, the delegator should
      # be doing one call.
      if allow_nil
        method_def = [
          "def #{method_prefix}#{method}(#{definition})",
          "_ = #{to}",
          "if !_.nil? || nil.respond_to?(:#{method})",
          "  _.#{method}(#{definition})",
          "end",
        "end"
        ].join ';'
      else
        exception = %(raise DelegationError, "#{self}##{method_prefix}#{method} delegated to #{to}.#{method}, but #{to} is nil: \#{self.inspect}")

        method_def = [
          "def #{method_prefix}#{method}(#{definition})",
          " _ = #{to}",
          "  _.#{method}(#{definition})",
          "rescue NoMethodError => e",
          "  if _.nil? && e.name == :#{method}",
          "    #{exception}",
          "  else",
          "    raise",
          "  end",
          "end"
        ].join ';'
      end

      module_eval(method_def, file, line)
    end
  end

  # When building decorators, a common pattern may emerge:
  #
  #   class Partition
  #     def initialize(first_event)
  #       @events = [ first_event ]
  #     end
  #
  #     def people
  #       if @events.first.detail.people.any?
  #         @events.collect { |e| Array(e.detail.people) }.flatten.uniq
  #       else
  #         @events.collect(&:creator).uniq
  #       end
  #     end
  #
  #     private
  #       def respond_to_missing?(name, include_private = false)
  #         @events.respond_to?(name, include_private)
  #       end
  #
  #       def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
  #         @events.send(method, *args, &block)
  #       end
  #   end
  #
  # With `Module#delegate_missing_to`, the above is condensed to:
  #
  #   class Partition
  #     delegate_missing_to :@events
  #
  #     def initialize(first_event)
  #       @events = [ first_event ]
  #     end
  #
  #     def people
  #       if @events.first.detail.people.any?
  #         @events.collect { |e| Array(e.detail.people) }.flatten.uniq
  #       else
  #         @events.collect(&:creator).uniq
  #       end
  #     end
  #   end
  #
  # The target can be anything callable withing the object. E.g. instance
  # variables, methods, constants ant the likes.
  def delegate_missing_to(target)
    target = target.to_s
    target = "self.#{target}" if DELEGATION_RESERVED_METHOD_NAMES.include?(target)

    module_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
      def respond_to_missing?(name, include_private = false)
        #{target}.respond_to?(name, include_private)
      end

      def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
        if #{target}.respond_to?(method)
          #{target}.public_send(method, *args, &block)
        else
          super
        end
      end
    RUBY
  end
end