require 'abstract_unit' require 'fixtures/topic' require 'fixtures/reply' require 'fixtures/developer' # The following methods in Topic are used in test_conditional_validation_* class Topic def condition_is_true return true end def condition_is_true_but_its_not return false end end class ValidationsTest < Test::Unit::TestCase fixtures :topics, :developers def setup Topic.write_inheritable_attribute(:validate, nil) Topic.write_inheritable_attribute(:validate_on_create, nil) Topic.write_inheritable_attribute(:validate_on_update, nil) end def test_single_field_validation r = Reply.new r.title = "There's no content!" assert !r.save, "A reply without content shouldn't be saveable" r.content = "Messa content!" assert r.save, "A reply with content should be saveable" end def test_single_attr_validation_and_error_msg r = Reply.new r.title = "There's no content!" r.save assert r.errors.invalid?("content"), "A reply without content should mark that attribute as invalid" assert_equal "Empty", r.errors.on("content"), "A reply without content should contain an error" assert_equal 1, r.errors.count end def test_double_attr_validation_and_error_msg r = Reply.new assert !r.save assert r.errors.invalid?("title"), "A reply without title should mark that attribute as invalid" assert_equal "Empty", r.errors.on("title"), "A reply without title should contain an error" assert r.errors.invalid?("content"), "A reply without content should mark that attribute as invalid" assert_equal "Empty", r.errors.on("content"), "A reply without content should contain an error" assert_equal 2, r.errors.count end def test_error_on_create r = Reply.new r.title = "Wrong Create" assert !r.save assert r.errors.invalid?("title"), "A reply with a bad title should mark that attribute as invalid" assert_equal "is Wrong Create", r.errors.on("title"), "A reply with a bad content should contain an error" end def test_error_on_update r = Reply.new r.title = "Bad" r.content = "Good" assert r.save, "First save should be successful" r.title = "Wrong Update" assert !r.save, "Second save should fail" assert r.errors.invalid?("title"), "A reply with a bad title should mark that attribute as invalid" assert_equal "is Wrong Update", r.errors.on("title"), "A reply with a bad content should contain an error" end def test_invalid_record_exception r = Reply.new assert_raises(ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid) { r.save! } end def test_single_error_per_attr_iteration r = Reply.new r.save errors = [] r.errors.each { |attr, msg| errors << [attr, msg] } assert errors.include?(["title", "Empty"]) assert errors.include?(["content", "Empty"]) end def test_multiple_errors_per_attr_iteration_with_full_error_composition r = Reply.new r.title = "Wrong Create" r.content = "Mismatch" r.save errors = [] r.errors.each_full { |error| errors << error } assert_equal "Title is Wrong Create", errors[0] assert_equal "Title is Content Mismatch", errors[1] assert_equal 2, r.errors.count end def test_errors_on_base r = Reply.new r.content = "Mismatch" r.save r.errors.add_to_base "Reply is not dignifying" errors = [] r.errors.each_full { |error| errors << error } assert_equal "Reply is not dignifying", r.errors.on_base assert errors.include?("Title Empty") assert errors.include?("Reply is not dignifying") assert_equal 2, r.errors.count end def test_create_without_validation reply = Reply.new assert !reply.save assert reply.save(false) end def test_validates_each perform = true hits = 0 Topic.validates_each(:title, :content, [:title, :content]) do |record, attr| if perform record.errors.add attr, 'gotcha' hits += 1 end end t = Topic.new("title" => "valid", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.save assert_equal 4, hits assert_equal %w(gotcha gotcha), t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal %w(gotcha gotcha), t.errors.on(:content) ensure perform = false end def test_errors_on_boundary_breaking developer = Developer.new("name" => "xs") assert !developer.save assert_equal "is too short (min is 3 characters)", developer.errors.on("name") developer.name = "All too very long for this boundary, it really is" assert !developer.save assert_equal "is too long (max is 20 characters)", developer.errors.on("name") developer.name = "Just right" assert developer.save end def test_title_confirmation_no_confirm Topic.validates_confirmation_of(:title) t = Topic.create("title" => "We should not be confirmed") assert t.save end def test_title_confirmation Topic.validates_confirmation_of(:title) t = Topic.create("title" => "We should be confirmed","title_confirmation" => "") assert !t.save t.title_confirmation = "We should be confirmed" assert t.save end def test_terms_of_service_agreement_no_acceptance Topic.validates_acceptance_of(:terms_of_service, :on => :create) t = Topic.create("title" => "We should not be confirmed") assert t.save end def test_terms_of_service_agreement Topic.validates_acceptance_of(:terms_of_service, :on => :create) t = Topic.create("title" => "We should be confirmed","terms_of_service" => "") assert !t.save assert_equal "must be accepted", t.errors.on(:terms_of_service) t.terms_of_service = "1" assert t.save end def test_eula Topic.validates_acceptance_of(:eula, :message => "must be abided", :on => :create) t = Topic.create("title" => "We should be confirmed","eula" => "") assert !t.save assert_equal "must be abided", t.errors.on(:eula) t.eula = "1" assert t.save end def test_terms_of_service_agreement_with_accept_value Topic.validates_acceptance_of(:terms_of_service, :on => :create, :accept => "I agree.") t = Topic.create("title" => "We should be confirmed", "terms_of_service" => "") assert !t.save assert_equal "must be accepted", t.errors.on(:terms_of_service) t.terms_of_service = "I agree." assert t.save end def test_validate_presences Topic.validates_presence_of(:title, :content) t = Topic.create assert !t.save assert_equal "can't be blank", t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "can't be blank", t.errors.on(:content) t.title = "something" t.content = " " assert !t.save assert_equal "can't be blank", t.errors.on(:content) t.content = "like stuff" assert t.save end def test_validate_uniqueness Topic.validates_uniqueness_of(:title) t = Topic.new("title" => "I'm unique!") assert t.save, "Should save t as unique" t.content = "Remaining unique" assert t.save, "Should still save t as unique" t2 = Topic.new("title" => "I'm unique!") assert !t2.valid?, "Shouldn't be valid" assert !t2.save, "Shouldn't save t2 as unique" assert_equal "has already been taken", t2.errors.on(:title) t2.title = "Now Im really also unique" assert t2.save, "Should now save t2 as unique" end def test_validate_uniqueness_with_scope Reply.validates_uniqueness_of(:content, :scope => "parent_id") t = Topic.create("title" => "I'm unique!") r1 = t.replies.create "title" => "r1", "content" => "hello world" assert r1.valid?, "Saving r1" r2 = t.replies.create "title" => "r2", "content" => "hello world" assert !r2.valid?, "Saving r2 first time" r2.content = "something else" assert r2.save, "Saving r2 second time" t2 = Topic.create("title" => "I'm unique too!") r3 = t2.replies.create "title" => "r3", "content" => "hello world" assert r3.valid?, "Saving r3" end def test_validate_format Topic.validates_format_of(:title, :content, :with => /^Validation\smacros \w+!$/, :message => "is bad data") t = Topic.create("title" => "i'm incorrect", "content" => "Validation macros rule!") assert !t.valid?, "Shouldn't be valid" assert !t.save, "Shouldn't save because it's invalid" assert_equal "is bad data", t.errors.on(:title) assert_nil t.errors.on(:content) t.title = "Validation macros rule!" assert t.save assert_nil t.errors.on(:title) assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_format_of(:title, :content) } end def test_validates_inclusion_of Topic.validates_inclusion_of( :title, :in => %w( a b c d e f g ) ) assert !Topic.create("title" => "a!", "content" => "abc").valid? assert !Topic.create("title" => "a b", "content" => "abc").valid? assert !Topic.create("title" => nil, "content" => "def").valid? t = Topic.create("title" => "a", "content" => "I know you are but what am I?") assert t.valid? t.title = "uhoh" assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "is not included in the list", t.errors["title"] assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_inclusion_of( :title, :in => nil ) } assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_inclusion_of( :title, :in => 0) } assert_nothing_raised(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_inclusion_of( :title, :in => "hi!" ) } assert_nothing_raised(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_inclusion_of( :title, :in => {} ) } assert_nothing_raised(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_inclusion_of( :title, :in => [] ) } end def test_validates_inclusion_of_with_allow_nil Topic.validates_inclusion_of( :title, :in => %w( a b c d e f g ), :allow_nil=>true ) assert !Topic.create("title" => "a!", "content" => "abc").valid? assert !Topic.create("title" => "", "content" => "abc").valid? assert Topic.create("title" => nil, "content" => "abc").valid? end def test_numericality_with_allow_nil_and_getter_method Developer.validates_numericality_of( :salary, :allow_nil => true) developer = Developer.new("name" => "michael", "salary" => nil) developer.instance_eval("def salary; read_attribute('salary') ? read_attribute('salary') : 100000; end") assert developer.valid? end def test_validates_exclusion_of Topic.validates_exclusion_of( :title, :in => %w( abe monkey ) ) assert Topic.create("title" => "something", "content" => "abc").valid? assert !Topic.create("title" => "monkey", "content" => "abc").valid? end def test_validates_length_of_using_minimum Topic.validates_length_of :title, :minimum => 5 t = Topic.create("title" => "valid", "content" => "whatever") assert t.valid? t.title = "not" assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "is too short (min is 5 characters)", t.errors["title"] t.title = "" assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "is too short (min is 5 characters)", t.errors["title"] t.title = nil assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "is too short (min is 5 characters)", t.errors["title"] end def test_optionally_validates_length_of_using_minimum Topic.validates_length_of :title, :minimum => 5, :allow_nil => true t = Topic.create("title" => "valid", "content" => "whatever") assert t.valid? t.title = nil assert t.valid? end def test_validates_length_of_using_maximum Topic.validates_length_of :title, :maximum => 5 t = Topic.create("title" => "valid", "content" => "whatever") assert t.valid? t.title = "notvalid" assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "is too long (max is 5 characters)", t.errors["title"] t.title = "" assert t.valid? t.title = nil assert !t.valid? end def test_optionally_validates_length_of_using_maximum Topic.validates_length_of :title, :maximum => 5, :allow_nil => true t = Topic.create("title" => "valid", "content" => "whatever") assert t.valid? t.title = nil assert t.valid? end def test_validates_length_of_using_within Topic.validates_length_of(:title, :content, :within => 3..5) t = Topic.create("title" => "a!", "content" => "I'm ooooooooh so very long") assert !t.save assert_equal "is too short (min is 3 characters)", t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "is too long (max is 5 characters)", t.errors.on(:content) t.title = "abe" t.content = "mad" assert t.save end def test_optionally_validates_length_of_using_within Topic.validates_length_of :title, :content, :within => 3..5, :allow_nil => true t = Topic.create('title' => 'abc', 'content' => 'abcd') assert t.valid? t.title = nil assert t.valid? end def test_optionally_validates_length_of_using_within_on_create Topic.validates_length_of :title, :content, :within => 5..10, :on => :create, :too_long => "my string is too long: %d" t = Topic.create("title" => "thisisnotvalid", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.save assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "my string is too long: 10", t.errors[:title] t.title = "butthisis" assert t.save t.title = "few" assert t.save t.content = "andthisislong" assert t.save t.content = t.title = "iamfine" assert t.save end def test_optionally_validates_length_of_using_within_on_update Topic.validates_length_of :title, :content, :within => 5..10, :on => :update, :too_short => "my string is too short: %d" t = Topic.create("title" => "vali", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.save assert t.errors.on(:title) t.title = "not" assert !t.save assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "my string is too short: 5", t.errors[:title] t.title = "valid" t.content = "andthisistoolong" assert !t.save assert t.errors.on(:content) t.content = "iamfine" assert t.save end def test_validates_length_of_using_is Topic.validates_length_of :title, :is => 5 t = Topic.create("title" => "valid", "content" => "whatever") assert t.valid? t.title = "notvalid" assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "is the wrong length (should be 5 characters)", t.errors["title"] t.title = "" assert !t.valid? t.title = nil assert !t.valid? end def test_optionally_validates_length_of_using_is Topic.validates_length_of :title, :is => 5, :allow_nil => true t = Topic.create("title" => "valid", "content" => "whatever") assert t.valid? t.title = nil assert t.valid? end def test_validates_length_of_using_bignum bigmin = 2 ** 30 bigmax = 2 ** 32 bigrange = bigmin...bigmax assert_nothing_raised do Topic.validates_length_of :title, :is => bigmin + 5 Topic.validates_length_of :title, :within => bigrange Topic.validates_length_of :title, :in => bigrange Topic.validates_length_of :title, :minimum => bigmin Topic.validates_length_of :title, :maximum => bigmax end end def test_validates_length_with_globaly_modified_error_message ActiveRecord::Errors.default_error_messages[:too_short] = 'tu est trops petit hombre %d' Topic.validates_length_of :title, :minimum => 10 t = Topic.create(:title => 'too short') assert !t.valid? assert_equal 'tu est trops petit hombre 10', t.errors['title'] end def test_validates_size_of_association assert_nothing_raised { Topic.validates_size_of :replies, :minimum => 1 } t = Topic.new('title' => 'noreplies', 'content' => 'whatever') assert !t.save assert t.errors.on(:replies) t.replies.create('title' => 'areply', 'content' => 'whateveragain') assert t.valid? end def test_validates_length_of_nasty_params assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_length_of(:title, :minimum=>6, :maximum=>9) } assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_length_of(:title, :within=>6, :maximum=>9) } assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_length_of(:title, :within=>6, :minimum=>9) } assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_length_of(:title, :within=>6, :is=>9) } assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_length_of(:title, :minimum=>"a") } assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_length_of(:title, :maximum=>"a") } assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_length_of(:title, :within=>"a") } assert_raise(ArgumentError) { Topic.validates_length_of(:title, :is=>"a") } end def test_validates_length_of_custom_errors_for_minimum_with_message Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :minimum=>5, :message=>"boo %d" ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "boo 5", t.errors["title"] end def test_validates_length_of_custom_errors_for_minimum_with_too_short Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :minimum=>5, :too_short=>"hoo %d" ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "hoo 5", t.errors["title"] end def test_validates_length_of_custom_errors_for_maximum_with_message Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :maximum=>5, :message=>"boo %d" ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "boo 5", t.errors["title"] end def test_validates_length_of_custom_errors_for_maximum_with_too_long Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :maximum=>5, :too_long=>"hoo %d" ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "hoo 5", t.errors["title"] end def test_validates_length_of_custom_errors_for_is_with_message Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :is=>5, :message=>"boo %d" ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "boo 5", t.errors["title"] end def test_validates_length_of_custom_errors_for_is_with_wrong_length Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :is=>5, :wrong_length=>"hoo %d" ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "hoo 5", t.errors["title"] end def test_validates_associated_many Topic.validates_associated( :replies ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") t.replies << [r = Reply.create("title" => "A reply"), r2 = Reply.create("title" => "Another reply")] assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:replies) assert_equal 1, r.errors.count # make sure all associated objects have been validated assert_equal 1, r2.errors.count r.content = r2.content = "non-empty" assert t.valid? end def test_validates_associated_one Reply.validates_associated( :topic ) Topic.validates_presence_of( :content ) r = Reply.create("title" => "A reply", "content" => "with content!") r.topic = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh") assert !r.valid? assert r.errors.on(:topic) r.topic.content = "non-empty" assert r.valid? end def test_validate_block Topic.validate { |topic| topic.errors.add("title", "will never be valid") } t = Topic.create("title" => "Title", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "will never be valid", t.errors["title"] end def test_invalid_validator Topic.validate 3 assert_raise(ActiveRecord::ActiveRecordError) { t = Topic.create } end def test_throw_away_typing d = Developer.create "name" => "David", "salary" => "100,000" assert !d.valid? assert_equal 100, d.salary assert_equal "100,000", d.salary_before_type_cast end def test_validates_acceptance_of_with_custom_error_using_quotes Developer.validates_acceptance_of :salary, :message=> "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" d = Developer.new d.salary = "0" assert !d.valid? assert_equal d.errors.on(:salary).first, "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" end def test_validates_confirmation_of_with_custom_error_using_quotes Developer.validates_confirmation_of :name, :message=> "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" d = Developer.new d.name = "John" d.name_confirmation = "Johnny" assert !d.valid? assert_equal d.errors.on(:name), "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" end def test_validates_format_of_with_custom_error_using_quotes Developer.validates_format_of :name, :with => /^(A-Z*)$/, :message=> "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" d = Developer.new d.name = "John 32" assert !d.valid? assert_equal d.errors.on(:name), "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" end def test_validates_inclusion_of_with_custom_error_using_quotes Developer.validates_inclusion_of :salary, :in => 1000..80000, :message=> "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" d = Developer.new d.salary = "90,000" assert !d.valid? assert_equal d.errors.on(:salary).first, "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" end def test_validates_length_of_with_custom_too_long_using_quotes Developer.validates_length_of :name, :maximum => 4, :too_long=> "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" d = Developer.new d.name = "Jeffrey" assert !d.valid? assert_equal d.errors.on(:name).first, "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" end def test_validates_length_of_with_custom_too_short_using_quotes Developer.validates_length_of :name, :minimum => 4, :too_short=> "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" d = Developer.new d.name = "Joe" assert !d.valid? assert_equal d.errors.on(:name).first, "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" end def test_validates_length_of_with_custom_message_using_quotes Developer.validates_length_of :name, :minimum => 4, :message=> "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" d = Developer.new d.name = "Joe" assert !d.valid? assert_equal d.errors.on(:name).first, "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" end def test_validates_presence_of_with_custom_message_using_quotes Developer.validates_presence_of :non_existent, :message=> "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" d = Developer.new d.name = "Joe" assert !d.valid? assert_equal d.errors.on(:non_existent), "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" end def test_validates_uniqueness_of_with_custom_message_using_quotes Developer.validates_uniqueness_of :name, :message=> "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" d = Developer.new d.name = "David" assert !d.valid? assert_equal d.errors.on(:name).first, "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" end def test_validates_associated_with_custom_message_using_quotes Reply.validates_associated :topic, :message=> "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" Topic.validates_presence_of :content r = Reply.create("title" => "A reply", "content" => "with content!") r.topic = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh") assert !r.valid? assert_equal r.errors.on(:topic).first, "This string contains 'single' and \"double\" quotes" end def test_validates_numericality_of_with_string Topic.validates_numericality_of( :approved ) ["not a number","42 not a number","0xdeadbeef","00-1","-+019.0","12.12.13.12",nil].each do |v| t = Topic.create("title" => "numeric test", "content" => "whatever", "approved" => "not a number") assert !t.valid?, "#{v} not rejected as a number" assert t.errors.on(:approved) end end def test_validates_numericality_of Topic.validates_numericality_of( :approved, :allow_nil => true ) ["10", "10.0", "10.5", "-10.5", "-0.0001","0090","-090","-090.1",nil,""].each do |v| t = Topic.new("title" => "numeric test", "content" => "whatever", "approved" => v) assert t.valid?, "#{v} not recognized as a number" # we cannot check this as approved is actually an integer field #assert_in_delta v.to_f, t.approved, 0.0000001 end end def test_validates_numericality_of_int_with_string Topic.validates_numericality_of( :approved, :only_integer => true ) ["not a number","42 not a number","0xdeadbeef","0-1","--3","+-3","+3-1",nil].each do |v| t = Topic.create("title" => "numeric test", "content" => "whatever", "approved" => v) assert !t.valid?, "#{v} not rejected as integer" assert t.errors.on(:approved) end end def test_validates_numericality_of_int Topic.validates_numericality_of( :approved, :only_integer => true, :allow_nil => true ) ["42", "+42", "-42", "042", "0042", "-042", 42, nil,""].each do |v| t = Topic.new("title" => "numeric test", "content" => "whatever", "approved" => v) assert t.valid?, "#{v} not recognized as integer" assert_equal((v.nil? or v == "")? nil : v.to_i, t.approved) end end def test_conditional_validation_using_method_true # When the method returns true Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :maximum=>5, :too_long=>"hoo %d", :if => :condition_is_true ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "hoo 5", t.errors["title"] end def test_conditional_validation_using_method_false # When the method returns false Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :maximum=>5, :too_long=>"hoo %d", :if => :condition_is_true_but_its_not ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert t.valid? assert !t.errors.on(:title) end def test_conditional_validation_using_string_true # When the evaluated string returns true Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :maximum=>5, :too_long=>"hoo %d", :if => "a = 1; a == 1" ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "hoo 5", t.errors["title"] end def test_conditional_validation_using_string_false # When the evaluated string returns false Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :maximum=>5, :too_long=>"hoo %d", :if => "false") t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert t.valid? assert !t.errors.on(:title) end def test_conditional_validation_using_block_true # When the block returns true Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :maximum=>5, :too_long=>"hoo %d", :if => Proc.new { |r| r.content.size > 4 } ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert !t.valid? assert t.errors.on(:title) assert_equal "hoo 5", t.errors["title"] end def test_conditional_validation_using_block_false # When the block returns false Topic.validates_length_of( :title, :maximum=>5, :too_long=>"hoo %d", :if => Proc.new { |r| r.title != "uhohuhoh"} ) t = Topic.create("title" => "uhohuhoh", "content" => "whatever") assert t.valid? assert !t.errors.on(:title) end def test_validates_associated_missing Reply.validates_presence_of(:topic) r = Reply.create("title" => "A reply", "content" => "with content!") assert !r.valid? assert r.errors.on(:topic) r.topic = Topic.find :first assert r.valid? end end