require 'active_record/vendor/simple.rb' Transaction::Simple.send(:remove_method, :transaction) require 'thread' module ActiveRecord module Transactions # :nodoc: class TransactionError < ActiveRecordError # :nodoc: end def self.included(base) base.extend(ClassMethods) base.class_eval do [:destroy, :save].each do |method| alias_method_chain method, :transactions end end end # Transactions are protective blocks where SQL statements are only permanent if they can all succeed as one atomic action. # The classic example is a transfer between two accounts where you can only have a deposit if the withdrawal succeeded and # vice versa. Transactions enforce the integrity of the database and guard the data against program errors or database break-downs. # So basically you should use transaction blocks whenever you have a number of statements that must be executed together or # not at all. Example: # # transaction do # david.withdrawal(100) # mary.deposit(100) # end # # This example will only take money from David and give to Mary if neither +withdrawal+ nor +deposit+ raises an exception. # Exceptions will force a ROLLBACK that returns the database to the state before the transaction was begun. Be aware, though, # that the objects by default will _not_ have their instance data returned to their pre-transactional state. # # == Transactions are not distributed across database connections # # A transaction acts on a single database connection. If you have # multiple class-specific databases, the transaction will not protect # interaction among them. One workaround is to begin a transaction # on each class whose models you alter: # # Student.transaction do # Course.transaction do # course.enroll(student) # student.units += course.units # end # end # # This is a poor solution, but full distributed transactions are beyond # the scope of Active Record. # # == Save and destroy are automatically wrapped in a transaction # # Both Base#save and Base#destroy come wrapped in a transaction that ensures that whatever you do in validations or callbacks # will happen under the protected cover of a transaction. So you can use validations to check for values that the transaction # depend on or you can raise exceptions in the callbacks to rollback. # # == Object-level transactions # # You can enable object-level transactions for Active Record objects, though. You do this by naming each of the Active Records # that you want to enable object-level transactions for, like this: # # Account.transaction(david, mary) do # david.withdrawal(100) # mary.deposit(100) # end # # If the transaction fails, David and Mary will be returned to their pre-transactional state. No money will have changed hands in # neither object nor database. # # == Exception handling # # Also have in mind that exceptions thrown within a transaction block will be propagated (after triggering the ROLLBACK), so you # should be ready to catch those in your application code. # # Tribute: Object-level transactions are implemented by Transaction::Simple by Austin Ziegler. module ClassMethods def transaction(*objects, &block) previous_handler = trap('TERM') { raise TransactionError, "Transaction aborted" } increment_open_transactions begin objects.each { |o| o.extend(Transaction::Simple) } objects.each { |o| o.start_transaction } result = connection.transaction(Thread.current['start_db_transaction'], &block) objects.each { |o| o.commit_transaction } return result rescue Exception => object_transaction_rollback objects.each { |o| o.abort_transaction } raise ensure decrement_open_transactions trap('TERM', previous_handler) end end private def increment_open_transactions #:nodoc: open = Thread.current['open_transactions'] ||= 0 Thread.current['start_db_transaction'] = open.zero? Thread.current['open_transactions'] = open + 1 end def decrement_open_transactions #:nodoc: Thread.current['open_transactions'] -= 1 end end def transaction(*objects, &block) self.class.transaction(*objects, &block) end def destroy_with_transactions #:nodoc: transaction { destroy_without_transactions } end def save_with_transactions(perform_validation = true) #:nodoc: transaction { save_without_transactions(perform_validation) } end end end