require 'erb' require 'yaml' require 'csv' # Fixtures are a way of organizing data that you want to test against; in short, sample data. They come in 3 flavours: # # 1. YAML fixtures # 2. CSV fixtures # 3. Single-file fixtures # # = YAML fixtures # # This type of fixture is in YAML format and the preferred default. YAML is a file format which describes data structures # in a non-verbose, humanly-readable format. It ships with Ruby 1.8.1+. # # Unlike single-file fixtures, YAML fixtures are stored in a single file per model, which is place in the directory appointed # by Test::Unit::TestCase.fixture_path=(path) (this is automatically configured for Rails, so you can just # put your files in /test/fixtures/). The fixture file ends with the .yml file extension (Rails example: # "/test/fixtures/web_sites.yml"). The format of a YAML fixture file looks like this: # # rubyonrails: # id: 1 # name: Ruby on Rails # url: http://www.rubyonrails.org # # google: # id: 2 # name: Google # url: http://www.google.com # # This YAML fixture file includes two fixtures. Each YAML fixture (ie. record) is given a name and is followed by an # indented list of key/value pairs in the "key: value" format. Records are separated by a blank line for your viewing # pleasure. # # = CSV fixtures # # Fixtures can also be kept in the Comma Separated Value format. Akin to YAML fixtures, CSV fixtures are stored # in a single file, but, instead end with the .csv file extension (Rails example: "/test/fixtures/web_sites.csv") # # The format of this type of fixture file is much more compact than the others, but also a little harder to read by us # humans. The first line of the CSV file is a comma-separated list of field names. The rest of the file is then comprised # of the actual data (1 per line). Here's an example: # # id, name, url # 1, Ruby On Rails, http://www.rubyonrails.org # 2, Google, http://www.google.com # # Should you have a piece of data with a comma character in it, you can place double quotes around that value. If you # need to use a double quote character, you must escape it with another double quote. # # Another unique attribute of the CSV fixture is that it has *no* fixture name like the other two formats. Instead, the # fixture names are automatically generated by deriving the class name of the fixture file and adding an incrementing # number to the end. In our example, the 1st fixture would be called "web_site_1" and the 2nd one would be called # "web_site_2". # # Most databases and spreadsheets support exporting to CSV format, so this is a great format for you to choose if you # have existing data somewhere already. # # = Single-file fixtures # # This type of fixtures was the original format for Active Record that has since been deprecated in favor of the YAML and CSV formats. # Fixtures for this format are created by placing text files in a sub-directory (with the name of the model) to the directory # appointed by Test::Unit::TestCase.fixture_path=(path) (this is automatically configured for Rails, so you can just # put your files in /test/fixtures// -- like /test/fixtures/web_sites/ for the WebSite # model). # # Each text file placed in this directory represents a "record". Usually these types of fixtures are named without # extensions, but if you are on a Windows machine, you might consider adding .txt as the extension. Here's what the # above example might look like: # # web_sites/google # web_sites/yahoo.txt # web_sites/ruby-on-rails # # The file format of a standard fixture is simple. Each line is a property (or column in db speak) and has the syntax # of "name => value". Here's an example of the ruby-on-rails fixture above: # # id => 1 # name => Ruby on Rails # url => http://www.rubyonrails.org # # = Using Fixtures # # Since fixtures are a testing construct, we use them in our unit and functional tests. There are two ways to use the # fixtures, but first lets take a look at a sample unit test found: # # require 'web_site' # # class WebSiteTest < Test::Unit::TestCase # def test_web_site_count # assert_equal 2, WebSite.count # end # end # # As it stands, unless we pre-load the web_site table in our database with two records, this test will fail. Here's the # easiest way to add fixtures to the database: # # ... # class WebSiteTest < Test::Unit::TestCase # fixtures :web_sites # add more by separating the symbols with commas # ... # # By adding a "fixtures" method to the test case and passing it a list of symbols (only one is shown here tho), we trigger # the testing environment to automatically load the appropriate fixtures into the database before each test. # To ensure consistent data, the environment deletes the fixtures before running the load. # # In addition to being available in the database, the fixtures are also loaded into a hash stored in an instance variable # of the test case. It is named after the symbol... so, in our example, there would be a hash available called # @web_sites. This is where the "fixture name" comes into play. # # On top of that, each record is automatically "found" (using Model.find(id)) and placed in the instance variable of its name. # So for the YAML fixtures, we'd get @rubyonrails and @google, which could be interrogated using regular Active Record semantics: # # # test if the object created from the fixture data has the same attributes as the data itself # def test_find # assert_equal @web_sites["rubyonrails"]["name"], @rubyonrails.name # end # # As seen above, the data hash created from the YAML fixtures would have @web_sites["rubyonrails"]["url"] return # "http://www.rubyonrails.org" and @web_sites["google"]["name"] would return "Google". The same fixtures, but loaded # from a CSV fixture file would be accessible via @web_sites["web_site_1"]["name"] == "Ruby on Rails" and have the individual # fixtures available as instance variables @web_site_1 and @web_site_2. # # If you do not wish to use instantiated fixtures (usually for performance reasons) there are two options. # # - to completely disable instantiated fixtures: # self.use_instantiated_fixtures = false # # - to keep the fixture instance (@web_sites) available, but do not automatically 'find' each instance: # self.use_instantiated_fixtures = :no_instances # # Even if auto-instantiated fixtures are disabled, you can still access them # by name via special dynamic methods. Each method has the same name as the # model, and accepts the name of the fixture to instantiate: # # fixtures :web_sites # # def test_find # assert_equal "Ruby on Rails", web_sites(:rubyonrails).name # end # # = Dynamic fixtures with ERb # # Some times you don't care about the content of the fixtures as much as you care about the volume. In these cases, you can # mix ERb in with your YAML or CSV fixtures to create a bunch of fixtures for load testing, like: # # <% for i in 1..1000 %> # fix_<%= i %>: # id: <%= i %> # name: guy_<%= 1 %> # <% end %> # # This will create 1000 very simple YAML fixtures. # # Using ERb, you can also inject dynamic values into your fixtures with inserts like <%= Date.today.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") %>. # This is however a feature to be used with some caution. The point of fixtures are that they're stable units of predictable # sample data. If you feel that you need to inject dynamic values, then perhaps you should reexamine whether your application # is properly testable. Hence, dynamic values in fixtures are to be considered a code smell. # # = Transactional fixtures # # TestCases can use begin+rollback to isolate their changes to the database instead of having to delete+insert for every test case. # They can also turn off auto-instantiation of fixture data since the feature is costly and often unused. # # class FooTest < Test::Unit::TestCase # self.use_transactional_fixtures = true # self.use_instantiated_fixtures = false # # fixtures :foos # # def test_godzilla # assert !Foo.find(:all).empty? # Foo.destroy_all # assert Foo.find(:all).empty? # end # # def test_godzilla_aftermath # assert !Foo.find(:all).empty? # end # end # # If you preload your test database with all fixture data (probably in the Rakefile task) and use transactional fixtures, # then you may omit all fixtures declarations in your test cases since all the data's already there and every case rolls back its changes. # # In order to use instantiated fixtures with preloaded data, set +self.pre_loaded_fixtures+ to true. This will provide # access to fixture data for every table that has been loaded through fixtures (depending on the value of +use_instantiated_fixtures+) # # When *not* to use transactional fixtures: # 1. You're testing whether a transaction works correctly. Nested transactions don't commit until all parent transactions commit, # particularly, the fixtures transaction which is begun in setup and rolled back in teardown. Thus, you won't be able to verify # the results of your transaction until Active Record supports nested transactions or savepoints (in progress.) # 2. Your database does not support transactions. Every Active Record database supports transactions except MySQL MyISAM. # Use InnoDB, MaxDB, or NDB instead. class Fixtures < Hash DEFAULT_FILTER_RE = /\.ya?ml$/ def self.instantiate_fixtures(object, table_name, fixtures, load_instances=true) old_logger_level = ActiveRecord::Base.logger.level ActiveRecord::Base.logger.level = Logger::ERROR object.instance_variable_set "@#{table_name.to_s.gsub('.','_')}", fixtures if load_instances fixtures.each do |name, fixture| if model = fixture.find object.instance_variable_set "@#{name}", model end end end ActiveRecord::Base.logger.level = old_logger_level end def self.instantiate_all_loaded_fixtures(object, load_instances=true) all_loaded_fixtures.each do |table_name, fixtures| Fixtures.instantiate_fixtures(object, table_name, fixtures, load_instances) end end cattr_accessor :all_loaded_fixtures self.all_loaded_fixtures = {} def self.create_fixtures(fixtures_directory, *table_names) connection = block_given? ? yield : ActiveRecord::Base.connection old_logger_level = ActiveRecord::Base.logger.level begin ActiveRecord::Base.logger.level = Logger::ERROR fixtures_map = {} fixtures = table_names.flatten.map do |table_name| fixtures_map[table_name] = Fixtures.new(connection, File.split(table_name.to_s).last, File.join(fixtures_directory, table_name.to_s)) end all_loaded_fixtures.merge! fixtures_map connection.transaction do fixtures.reverse.each { |fixture| fixture.delete_existing_fixtures } fixtures.each { |fixture| fixture.insert_fixtures } end reset_sequences(connection, table_names) if connection.is_a?(ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter) return fixtures.size > 1 ? fixtures : fixtures.first ensure ActiveRecord::Base.logger.level = old_logger_level end end # Work around for PostgreSQL to have new fixtures created from id 1 and running. def self.reset_sequences(connection, table_names) table_names.flatten.each do |table| table_class = Inflector.classify(table.to_s) if Object.const_defined?(table_class) pk = eval("#{table_class}::primary_key") if pk == 'id' connection.execute( "SELECT setval('#{table.to_s}_id_seq', (SELECT MAX(id) FROM #{table.to_s}), true)", 'Setting Sequence' ) end end end end attr_reader :table_name def initialize(connection, table_name, fixture_path, file_filter = DEFAULT_FILTER_RE) @connection, @table_name, @fixture_path, @file_filter = connection, table_name, fixture_path, file_filter @class_name = Inflector.classify(@table_name) read_fixture_files end def delete_existing_fixtures @connection.delete "DELETE FROM #{@table_name}", 'Fixture Delete' end def insert_fixtures values.each do |fixture| @connection.execute "INSERT INTO #{@table_name} (#{fixture.key_list}) VALUES (#{fixture.value_list})", 'Fixture Insert' end end private def read_fixture_files if File.file?(yaml_file_path) # YAML fixtures begin yaml = YAML::load(erb_render(IO.read(yaml_file_path))) yaml.each { |name, data| self[name] = Fixture.new(data, @class_name) } if yaml rescue Exception=>boom raise Fixture::FormatError, "a YAML error occured parsing #{yaml_file_path}. Please note that YAML must be consistently indented using spaces. Tabs are not allowed. Please have a look at http://www.yaml.org/faq.html" end elsif File.file?(csv_file_path) # CSV fixtures reader = CSV::Reader.create(erb_render(IO.read(csv_file_path))) header = reader.shift i = 0 reader.each do |row| data = {} row.each_with_index { |cell, j| data[header[j].to_s.strip] = cell.to_s.strip } self["#{Inflector::underscore(@class_name)}_#{i+=1}"]= Fixture.new(data, @class_name) end elsif File.file?(deprecated_yaml_file_path) raise Fixture::FormatError, ".yml extension required: rename #{deprecated_yaml_file_path} to #{yaml_file_path}" else # Standard fixtures Dir.entries(@fixture_path).each do |file| path = File.join(@fixture_path, file) if File.file?(path) and file !~ @file_filter self[file] = Fixture.new(path, @class_name) end end end end def yaml_file_path "#{@fixture_path}.yml" end def deprecated_yaml_file_path "#{@fixture_path}.yaml" end def csv_file_path @fixture_path + ".csv" end def yaml_fixtures_key(path) File.basename(@fixture_path).split(".").first end def erb_render(fixture_content) ERB.new(fixture_content).result end end class Fixture #:nodoc: include Enumerable class FixtureError < StandardError#:nodoc: end class FormatError < FixtureError#:nodoc: end def initialize(fixture, class_name) @fixture = fixture.is_a?(Hash) ? fixture : read_fixture_file(fixture) @class_name = class_name end def each @fixture.each { |item| yield item } end def [](key) @fixture[key] end def to_hash @fixture end def key_list columns = @fixture.keys.collect{ |column_name| ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote_column_name(column_name) } columns.join(", ") end def value_list @fixture.values.map { |v| ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote(v).gsub('\\n', "\n").gsub('\\r', "\r") }.join(", ") end def find if Object.const_defined?(@class_name) klass = Object.const_get(@class_name) klass.find(self[klass.primary_key]) end end private def read_fixture_file(fixture_file_path) IO.readlines(fixture_file_path).inject({}) do |fixture, line| # Mercifully skip empty lines. next if line =~ /^\s*$/ # Use the same regular expression for attributes as Active Record. unless md = /^\s*([a-zA-Z][-_\w]*)\s*=>\s*(.+)\s*$/.match(line) raise FormatError, "#{fixture_file_path}: fixture format error at '#{line}'. Expecting 'key => value'." end key, value = md.captures # Disallow duplicate keys to catch typos. raise FormatError, "#{fixture_file_path}: duplicate '#{key}' in fixture." if fixture[key] fixture[key] = value.strip fixture end end end module Test #:nodoc: module Unit #:nodoc: class TestCase #:nodoc: include ClassInheritableAttributes cattr_accessor :fixture_path class_inheritable_accessor :fixture_table_names class_inheritable_accessor :use_transactional_fixtures class_inheritable_accessor :use_instantiated_fixtures # true, false, or :no_instances class_inheritable_accessor :pre_loaded_fixtures self.fixture_table_names = [] self.use_transactional_fixtures = false self.use_instantiated_fixtures = true self.pre_loaded_fixtures = false @@already_loaded_fixtures = {} def self.fixtures(*table_names) table_names = table_names.flatten self.fixture_table_names |= table_names require_fixture_classes(table_names) setup_fixture_accessors(table_names) end def self.require_fixture_classes(table_names=nil) (table_names || fixture_table_names).each do |table_name| begin require Inflector.singularize(table_name.to_s) rescue LoadError # Let's hope the developer has included it himself end end end def self.setup_fixture_accessors(table_names=nil) (table_names || fixture_table_names).each do |table_name| table_name = table_name.to_s.tr('.','_') define_method(table_name) do |fixture, *optionals| force_reload = optionals.shift @fixture_cache[table_name] ||= Hash.new @fixture_cache[table_name][fixture] = nil if force_reload @fixture_cache[table_name][fixture] ||= @loaded_fixtures[table_name][fixture.to_s].find end end end def self.uses_transaction(*methods) @uses_transaction ||= [] @uses_transaction.concat methods.map { |m| m.to_s } end def self.uses_transaction?(method) @uses_transaction && @uses_transaction.include?(method.to_s) end def use_transactional_fixtures? use_transactional_fixtures && !self.class.uses_transaction?(method_name) end def setup_with_fixtures if pre_loaded_fixtures && !use_transactional_fixtures raise RuntimeError, 'pre_loaded_fixtures requires use_transactional_fixtures' end @fixture_cache = Hash.new # Load fixtures once and begin transaction. if use_transactional_fixtures? if @@already_loaded_fixtures[self.class] @loaded_fixtures = @@already_loaded_fixtures[self.class] else load_fixtures @@already_loaded_fixtures[self.class] = @loaded_fixtures end ActiveRecord::Base.lock_mutex ActiveRecord::Base.connection.begin_db_transaction # Load fixtures for every test. else @@already_loaded_fixtures[self.class] = nil load_fixtures end # Instantiate fixtures for every test if requested. instantiate_fixtures if use_instantiated_fixtures end alias_method :setup, :setup_with_fixtures def teardown_with_fixtures # Rollback changes. if use_transactional_fixtures? ActiveRecord::Base.connection.rollback_db_transaction ActiveRecord::Base.unlock_mutex end end alias_method :teardown, :teardown_with_fixtures def self.method_added(method) case method.to_s when 'setup' unless method_defined?(:setup_without_fixtures) alias_method :setup_without_fixtures, :setup define_method(:setup) do setup_with_fixtures setup_without_fixtures end end when 'teardown' unless method_defined?(:teardown_without_fixtures) alias_method :teardown_without_fixtures, :teardown define_method(:teardown) do teardown_without_fixtures teardown_with_fixtures end end end end private def load_fixtures @loaded_fixtures = {} fixtures = Fixtures.create_fixtures(fixture_path, fixture_table_names) unless fixtures.nil? if fixtures.instance_of?(Fixtures) @loaded_fixtures[fixtures.table_name] = fixtures else fixtures.each { |f| @loaded_fixtures[f.table_name] = f } end end end # for pre_loaded_fixtures, only require the classes once. huge speed improvement @@required_fixture_classes = false def instantiate_fixtures if pre_loaded_fixtures raise RuntimeError, 'Load fixtures before instantiating them.' if Fixtures.all_loaded_fixtures.empty? unless @@required_fixture_classes self.class.require_fixture_classes Fixtures.all_loaded_fixtures.keys @@required_fixture_classes = true end Fixtures.instantiate_all_loaded_fixtures(self, load_instances?) else raise RuntimeError, 'Load fixtures before instantiating them.' if @loaded_fixtures.nil? @loaded_fixtures.each do |table_name, fixtures| Fixtures.instantiate_fixtures(self, table_name, fixtures, load_instances?) end end end def load_instances? use_instantiated_fixtures != :no_instances end end end end