require 'thread' require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access' require 'active_support/core_ext/object/duplicable' require 'active_support/core_ext/string/filters' module ActiveRecord module Core extend ActiveSupport::Concern included do ## # :singleton-method: # # Accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r which is then # passed on to any new database connections made and which can be # retrieved on both a class and instance level by calling +logger+. mattr_accessor :logger, instance_writer: false ## # Contains the database configuration - as is typically stored in config/database.yml - # as a Hash. # # For example, the following database.yml... # # development: # adapter: sqlite3 # database: db/development.sqlite3 # # production: # adapter: sqlite3 # database: db/production.sqlite3 # # ...would result in ActiveRecord::Base.configurations to look like this: # # { # 'development' => { # 'adapter' => 'sqlite3', # 'database' => 'db/development.sqlite3' # }, # 'production' => { # 'adapter' => 'sqlite3', # 'database' => 'db/production.sqlite3' # } # } def self.configurations=(config) @@configurations = ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::MergeAndResolveDefaultUrlConfig.new(config).resolve end self.configurations = {} # Returns fully resolved configurations hash def self.configurations @@configurations end ## # :singleton-method: # Determines whether to use Time.utc (using :utc) or Time.local (using :local) when pulling # dates and times from the database. This is set to :utc by default. mattr_accessor :default_timezone, instance_writer: false self.default_timezone = :utc ## # :singleton-method: # Specifies the format to use when dumping the database schema with Rails' # Rakefile. If :sql, the schema is dumped as (potentially database- # specific) SQL statements. If :ruby, the schema is dumped as an # ActiveRecord::Schema file which can be loaded into any database that # supports migrations. Use :ruby if you want to have different database # adapters for, e.g., your development and test environments. mattr_accessor :schema_format, instance_writer: false self.schema_format = :ruby ## # :singleton-method: # Specify whether or not to use timestamps for migration versions mattr_accessor :timestamped_migrations, instance_writer: false self.timestamped_migrations = true ## # :singleton-method: # Specify whether schema dump should happen at the end of the # db:migrate rake task. This is true by default, which is useful for the # development environment. This should ideally be false in the production # environment where dumping schema is rarely needed. mattr_accessor :dump_schema_after_migration, instance_writer: false self.dump_schema_after_migration = true mattr_accessor :maintain_test_schema, instance_accessor: false class_attribute :default_connection_handler, instance_writer: false def self.connection_handler ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.connection_handler || default_connection_handler end def self.connection_handler=(handler) ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.connection_handler = handler end self.default_connection_handler = ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new end module ClassMethods def allocate define_attribute_methods super end def initialize_find_by_cache # :nodoc: @find_by_statement_cache = {}.extend(Mutex_m) end def inherited(child_class) # :nodoc: # initialize cache at class definition for thread safety child_class.initialize_find_by_cache super end def find(*ids) # :nodoc: # We don't have cache keys for this stuff yet return super unless ids.length == 1 return super if block_given? || primary_key.nil? || default_scopes.any? || current_scope || columns_hash.include?(inheritance_column) || ids.first.kind_of?(Array) id = ids.first if ActiveRecord::Base === id id = id.id ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<-MSG.squish) You are passing an instance of ActiveRecord::Base to `find`. Please pass the id of the object by calling `.id` MSG end key = primary_key statement = cached_find_by_statement(key) { |params| where(key => params.bind).limit(1) } record = statement.execute([id], self, connection).first unless record raise RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find #{name} with '#{primary_key}'=#{id}" end record rescue RangeError raise RecordNotFound, "Couldn't find #{name} with an out of range value for '#{primary_key}'" end def find_by(*args) # :nodoc: return super if current_scope || !(Hash === args.first) || reflect_on_all_aggregations.any? return super if default_scopes.any? hash = args.first return super if hash.values.any? { |v| v.nil? || Array === v || Hash === v } # We can't cache Post.find_by(author: david) ...yet return super unless hash.keys.all? { |k| columns_hash.has_key?(k.to_s) } keys = hash.keys statement = cached_find_by_statement(keys) { |params| wheres = keys.each_with_object({}) { |param, o| o[param] = params.bind } where(wheres).limit(1) } begin statement.execute(hash.values, self, connection).first rescue TypeError => e raise ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid.new(e.message, e) rescue RangeError nil end end def find_by!(*args) # :nodoc: find_by(*args) or raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{name}") end def initialize_generated_modules # :nodoc: generated_association_methods end def generated_association_methods @generated_association_methods ||= begin mod = const_set(:GeneratedAssociationMethods, Module.new) include mod mod end end # Returns a string like 'Post(id:integer, title:string, body:text)' def inspect if self == Base super elsif abstract_class? "#{super}(abstract)" elsif !connected? "#{super} (call '#{super}.connection' to establish a connection)" elsif table_exists? attr_list = attribute_types.map { |name, type| "#{name}: #{type.type}" } * ', ' "#{super}(#{attr_list})" else "#{super}(Table doesn't exist)" end end # Overwrite the default class equality method to provide support for association proxies. def ===(object) object.is_a?(self) end # Returns an instance of Arel::Table loaded with the current table name. # # class Post < ActiveRecord::Base # scope :published_and_commented, -> { published.and(self.arel_table[:comments_count].gt(0)) } # end def arel_table # :nodoc: @arel_table ||= Arel::Table.new(table_name, type_caster: type_caster) end # Returns the Arel engine. def arel_engine # :nodoc: @arel_engine ||= if Base == self || connection_handler.retrieve_connection_pool(self) self else superclass.arel_engine end end def predicate_builder # :nodoc: @predicate_builder ||= PredicateBuilder.new(table_metadata) end def type_caster # :nodoc: TypeCaster::Map.new(self) end private def cached_find_by_statement(key, &block) # :nodoc: @find_by_statement_cache[key] || @find_by_statement_cache.synchronize { @find_by_statement_cache[key] ||= StatementCache.create(connection, &block) } end def relation # :nodoc: relation = Relation.create(self, arel_table, predicate_builder) if finder_needs_type_condition? relation.where(type_condition).create_with(inheritance_column.to_sym => sti_name) else relation end end def table_metadata # :nodoc: TableMetadata.new(self, arel_table) end end # New objects can be instantiated as either empty (pass no construction parameter) or pre-set with # attributes but not yet saved (pass a hash with key names matching the associated table column names). # In both instances, valid attribute keys are determined by the column names of the associated table -- # hence you can't have attributes that aren't part of the table columns. # # ==== Example: # # Instantiates a single new object # User.new(first_name: 'Jamie') def initialize(attributes = nil) @attributes = self.class._default_attributes.dup self.class.define_attribute_methods init_internals initialize_internals_callback assign_attributes(attributes) if attributes yield self if block_given? _run_initialize_callbacks end # Initialize an empty model object from +coder+. +coder+ must contain # the attributes necessary for initializing an empty model object. For # example: # # class Post < ActiveRecord::Base # end # # post = Post.allocate # post.init_with('attributes' => { 'title' => 'hello world' }) # post.title # => 'hello world' def init_with(coder) @attributes = coder['attributes'] init_internals @new_record = coder['new_record'] self.class.define_attribute_methods _run_find_callbacks _run_initialize_callbacks self end ## # :method: clone # Identical to Ruby's clone method. This is a "shallow" copy. Be warned that your attributes are not copied. # That means that modifying attributes of the clone will modify the original, since they will both point to the # same attributes hash. If you need a copy of your attributes hash, please use the #dup method. # # user = User.first # new_user = user.clone # user.name # => "Bob" # new_user.name = "Joe" # user.name # => "Joe" # # user.object_id == new_user.object_id # => false # user.name.object_id == new_user.name.object_id # => true # # user.name.object_id == user.dup.name.object_id # => false ## # :method: dup # Duped objects have no id assigned and are treated as new records. Note # that this is a "shallow" copy as it copies the object's attributes # only, not its associations. The extent of a "deep" copy is application # specific and is therefore left to the application to implement according # to its need. # The dup method does not preserve the timestamps (created|updated)_(at|on). ## def initialize_dup(other) # :nodoc: @attributes = @attributes.dup @attributes.reset(self.class.primary_key) _run_initialize_callbacks @new_record = true @destroyed = false super end # Populate +coder+ with attributes about this record that should be # serialized. The structure of +coder+ defined in this method is # guaranteed to match the structure of +coder+ passed to the +init_with+ # method. # # Example: # # class Post < ActiveRecord::Base # end # coder = {} # Post.new.encode_with(coder) # coder # => {"attributes" => {"id" => nil, ... }} def encode_with(coder) # FIXME: Remove this when we better serialize attributes coder['raw_attributes'] = attributes_before_type_cast coder['attributes'] = @attributes coder['new_record'] = new_record? end # Returns true if +comparison_object+ is the same exact object, or +comparison_object+ # is of the same type and +self+ has an ID and it is equal to +comparison_object.id+. # # Note that new records are different from any other record by definition, unless the # other record is the receiver itself. Besides, if you fetch existing records with # +select+ and leave the ID out, you're on your own, this predicate will return false. # # Note also that destroying a record preserves its ID in the model instance, so deleted # models are still comparable. def ==(comparison_object) super || comparison_object.instance_of?(self.class) && !id.nil? && comparison_object.id == id end alias :eql? :== # Delegates to id in order to allow two records of the same type and id to work with something like: # [ Person.find(1), Person.find(2), Person.find(3) ] & [ Person.find(1), Person.find(4) ] # => [ Person.find(1) ] def hash if id id.hash else super end end # Clone and freeze the attributes hash such that associations are still # accessible, even on destroyed records, but cloned models will not be # frozen. def freeze @attributes = @attributes.clone.freeze self end # Returns +true+ if the attributes hash has been frozen. def frozen? @attributes.frozen? end # Allows sort on objects def <=>(other_object) if other_object.is_a?(self.class) self.to_key <=> other_object.to_key else super end end # Returns +true+ if the record is read only. Records loaded through joins with piggy-back # attributes will be marked as read only since they cannot be saved. def readonly? @readonly end # Marks this record as read only. def readonly! @readonly = true end def connection_handler self.class.connection_handler end # Returns the contents of the record as a nicely formatted string. def inspect # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if the object is # allocated but not initialized. inspection = if defined?(@attributes) && @attributes self.class.column_names.collect { |name| if has_attribute?(name) "#{name}: #{attribute_for_inspect(name)}" end }.compact.join(", ") else "not initialized" end "#<#{self.class} #{inspection}>" end # Takes a PP and prettily prints this record to it, allowing you to get a nice result from `pp record` # when pp is required. def pretty_print(pp) return super if custom_inspect_method_defined? pp.object_address_group(self) do if defined?(@attributes) && @attributes column_names = self.class.column_names.select { |name| has_attribute?(name) || new_record? } pp.seplist(column_names, proc { pp.text ',' }) do |column_name| column_value = read_attribute(column_name) pp.breakable ' ' pp.group(1) do pp.text column_name pp.text ':' pp.breakable pp.pp column_value end end else pp.breakable ' ' pp.text 'not initialized' end end end # Returns a hash of the given methods with their names as keys and returned values as values. def slice(*methods) Hash[methods.map! { |method| [method, public_send(method)] }].with_indifferent_access end private def set_transaction_state(state) # :nodoc: @transaction_state = state end def has_transactional_callbacks? # :nodoc: !_rollback_callbacks.empty? || !_commit_callbacks.empty? end # Updates the attributes on this particular ActiveRecord object so that # if it is associated with a transaction, then the state of the AR object # will be updated to reflect the current state of the transaction # # The @transaction_state variable stores the states of the associated # transaction. This relies on the fact that a transaction can only be in # one rollback or commit (otherwise a list of states would be required) # Each AR object inside of a transaction carries that transaction's # TransactionState. # # This method checks to see if the ActiveRecord object's state reflects # the TransactionState, and rolls back or commits the ActiveRecord object # as appropriate. # # Since ActiveRecord objects can be inside multiple transactions, this # method recursively goes through the parent of the TransactionState and # checks if the ActiveRecord object reflects the state of the object. def sync_with_transaction_state update_attributes_from_transaction_state(@transaction_state, 0) end def update_attributes_from_transaction_state(transaction_state, depth) @reflects_state = [false] if depth == 0 if transaction_state && transaction_state.finalized? && !has_transactional_callbacks? unless @reflects_state[depth] restore_transaction_record_state if transaction_state.rolledback? clear_transaction_record_state @reflects_state[depth] = true end if transaction_state.parent && !@reflects_state[depth+1] update_attributes_from_transaction_state(transaction_state.parent, depth+1) end end end # Under Ruby 1.9, Array#flatten will call #to_ary (recursively) on each of the elements # of the array, and then rescues from the possible NoMethodError. If those elements are # ActiveRecord::Base's, then this triggers the various method_missing's that we have, # which significantly impacts upon performance. # # So we can avoid the method_missing hit by explicitly defining #to_ary as nil here. # # See also http://tenderlovemaking.com/2011/06/28/til-its-ok-to-return-nil-from-to_ary.html def to_ary # :nodoc: nil end def init_internals @readonly = false @destroyed = false @marked_for_destruction = false @destroyed_by_association = nil @new_record = true @txn = nil @_start_transaction_state = {} @transaction_state = nil end def initialize_internals_callback end def thaw if frozen? @attributes = @attributes.dup end end def custom_inspect_method_defined? self.class.instance_method(:inspect).owner != ActiveRecord::Base.instance_method(:inspect).owner end end end