module ActiveRecord
module Associations
# Association proxies in Active Record are middlemen between the object that
# holds the association, known as the @owner, and the actual associated
# object, known as the @target. The kind of association any proxy is
# about is available in @reflection. That's an instance of the class
# ActiveRecord::Reflection::AssociationReflection.
#
# For example, given
#
# class Blog < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :posts
# end
#
# blog = Blog.first
#
# the association proxy in blog.posts has the object in +blog+ as
# @owner, the collection of its posts as @target, and
# the @reflection object represents a :has_many macro.
#
# This class delegates unknown methods to @target via
# method_missing.
#
# The @target object is not \loaded until needed. For example,
#
# blog.posts.count
#
# is computed directly through SQL and does not trigger by itself the
# instantiation of the actual post records.
class CollectionProxy < Relation
delegate(*(ActiveRecord::Calculations.public_instance_methods - [:count]), to: :scope)
def initialize(klass, association) #:nodoc:
@association = association
super klass, klass.arel_table
self.default_scoped = true
merge! association.scope(nullify: false)
end
def target
@association.target
end
def load_target
@association.load_target
end
# Returns +true+ if the association has been loaded, otherwise +false+.
#
# person.pets.loaded? # => false
# person.pets
# person.pets.loaded? # => true
def loaded?
@association.loaded?
end
# Works in two ways.
#
# *First:* Specify a subset of fields to be selected from the result set.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.select(:name)
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.select([:id, :name])
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# Be careful because this also means you're initializing a model
# object with only the fields that you've selected. If you attempt
# to access a field that is not in the initialized record you'll
# receive:
#
# person.pets.select(:name).first.person_id
# # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError: missing attribute: person_id
#
# *Second:* You can pass a block so it can be used just like Array#select.
# This build an array of objects from the database for the scope,
# converting them into an array and iterating through them using
# Array#select.
#
# person.pets.select { |pet| pet.name =~ /oo/ }
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.select(:name) { |pet| pet.name =~ /oo/ }
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
def select(select = nil, &block)
@association.select(select, &block)
end
# Finds an object in the collection responding to the +id+. Uses the same
# rules as ActiveRecord::Base.find. Returns ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
# error if the object can not be found.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.find(1) # => #
# person.pets.find(4) # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound: Couldn't find Pet with id=4
#
# person.pets.find(2) { |pet| pet.name.downcase! }
# # => #
#
# person.pets.find(2, 3)
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
def find(*args, &block)
@association.find(*args, &block)
end
# Returns the first record, or the first +n+ records, from the collection.
# If the collection is empty, the first form returns +nil+, and the second
# form returns an empty array.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.first # => #
#
# person.pets.first(2)
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# another_person_without.pets # => []
# another_person_without.pets.first # => nil
# another_person_without.pets.first(3) # => []
def first(*args)
@association.first(*args)
end
# Returns the last record, or the last +n+ records, from the collection.
# If the collection is empty, the first form returns +nil+, and the second
# form returns an empty array.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.last # => #
#
# person.pets.last(2)
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# another_person_without.pets # => []
# another_person_without.pets.last # => nil
# another_person_without.pets.last(3) # => []
def last(*args)
@association.last(*args)
end
# Returns a new object of the collection type that has been instantiated
# with +attributes+ and linked to this object, but have not yet been saved.
# You can pass an array of attributes hashes, this will return an array
# with the new objects.
#
# class Person
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.build
# # => #
#
# person.pets.build(name: 'Fancy-Fancy')
# # => #
#
# person.pets.build([{name: 'Spook'}, {name: 'Choo-Choo'}, {name: 'Brain'}])
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.size # => 5 # size of the collection
# person.pets.count # => 0 # count from database
def build(attributes = {}, &block)
@association.build(attributes, &block)
end
alias_method :new, :build
# Returns a new object of the collection type that has been instantiated with
# attributes, linked to this object and that has already been saved (if it
# passes the validations).
#
# class Person
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.create(name: 'Fancy-Fancy')
# # => #
#
# person.pets.create([{name: 'Spook'}, {name: 'Choo-Choo'}])
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets.count # => 3
#
# person.pets.find(1, 2, 3)
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
def create(attributes = {}, &block)
@association.create(attributes, &block)
end
# Like +create+, except that if the record is invalid, raises an exception.
#
# class Person
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# class Pet
# validates :name, presence: true
# end
#
# person.pets.create!(name: nil)
# # => ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid: Validation failed: Name can't be blank
def create!(attributes = {}, &block)
@association.create!(attributes, &block)
end
# Add one or more records to the collection by setting their foreign keys
# to the association's primary key. Since << flattens its argument list and
# inserts each record, +push+ and +concat+ behave identically. Returns +self+
# so method calls may be chained.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# pets :has_many
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 0
# person.pets.concat(Pet.new(name: 'Fancy-Fancy'))
# person.pets.concat(Pet.new(name: 'Spook'), Pet.new(name: 'Choo-Choo'))
# person.pets.size # => 3
#
# person.id # => 1
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.concat([Pet.new(name: 'Brain'), Pet.new(name: 'Benny')])
# person.pets.size # => 5
def concat(*records)
@association.concat(*records)
end
# Replace this collection with +other_array+. This will perform a diff
# and delete/add only records that have changed.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets
# # => [#]
#
# other_pets = [Pet.new(name: 'Puff', group: 'celebrities']
#
# person.pets.replace(other_pets)
#
# person.pets
# # => [#]
#
# If the supplied array has an incorrect association type, it raises
# an ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch error:
#
# person.pets.replace(["doo", "ggie", "gaga"])
# # => ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch: Pet expected, got String
def replace(other_array)
@association.replace(other_array)
end
# Deletes all the records from the collection. For +has_many+ associations,
# the deletion is done according to the strategy specified by the :dependent
# option. Returns an array with the deleted records.
#
# If no :dependent option is given, then it will follow the
# default strategy. The default strategy is :nullify. This
# sets the foreign keys to NULL. For, +has_many+ :through,
# the default strategy is +delete_all+.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets # dependent: :nullify option by default
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.delete_all
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.size # => 0
# person.pets # => []
#
# Pet.find(1, 2, 3)
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# If it is set to :destroy all the objects from the collection
# are removed by calling their +destroy+ method. See +destroy+ for more
# information.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets, dependent: :destroy
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.delete_all
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# Pet.find(1, 2, 3)
# # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
#
# If it is set to :delete_all, all the objects are deleted
# *without* calling their +destroy+ method.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets, dependent: :delete_all
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.delete_all
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# Pet.find(1, 2, 3)
# # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
def delete_all
@association.delete_all
end
# Deletes the records of the collection directly from the database.
# This will _always_ remove the records ignoring the +:dependent+
# option.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.destroy_all
#
# person.pets.size # => 0
# person.pets # => []
#
# Pet.find(1) # => Couldn't find Pet with id=1
def destroy_all
@association.destroy_all
end
# Deletes the +records+ supplied and removes them from the collection. For
# +has_many+ associations, the deletion is done according to the strategy
# specified by the :dependent option. Returns an array with the
# deleted records.
#
# If no :dependent option is given, then it will follow the default
# strategy. The default strategy is :nullify. This sets the foreign
# keys to NULL. For, +has_many+ :through, the default
# strategy is +delete_all+.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets # dependent: :nullify option by default
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.delete(Pet.find(1))
# # => [#]
#
# person.pets.size # => 2
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# Pet.find(1)
# # => #
#
# If it is set to :destroy all the +records+ are removed by calling
# their +destroy+ method. See +destroy+ for more information.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets, dependent: :destroy
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.delete(Pet.find(1), Pet.find(3))
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.size # => 1
# person.pets
# # => [#]
#
# Pet.find(1, 3)
# # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound: Couldn't find all Pets with IDs (1, 3)
#
# If it is set to :delete_all, all the +records+ are deleted
# *without* calling their +destroy+ method.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets, dependent: :delete_all
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.delete(Pet.find(1))
# # => [#]
#
# person.pets.size # => 2
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# Pet.find(1)
# # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound: Couldn't find Pet with id=1
#
# You can pass +Fixnum+ or +String+ values, it finds the records
# responding to the +id+ and executes delete on them.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.delete("1")
# # => [#]
#
# person.pets.delete(2, 3)
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
def delete(*records)
@association.delete(*records)
end
# Destroys the +records+ supplied and removes them from the collection.
# This method will _always_ remove record from the database ignoring
# the +:dependent+ option. Returns an array with the removed records.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.destroy(Pet.find(1))
# # => [#]
#
# person.pets.size # => 2
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.destroy(Pet.find(2), Pet.find(3))
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.size # => 0
# person.pets # => []
#
# Pet.find(1, 2, 3) # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound: Couldn't find all Pets with IDs (1, 2, 3)
#
# You can pass +Fixnum+ or +String+ values, it finds the records
# responding to the +id+ and then deletes them from the database.
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.destroy("4")
# # => #
#
# person.pets.size # => 2
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.destroy(5, 6)
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.size # => 0
# person.pets # => []
#
# Pet.find(4, 5, 6) # => ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound: Couldn't find all Pets with IDs (4, 5, 6)
def destroy(*records)
@association.destroy(*records)
end
# Specifies whether the records should be unique or not.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.select(:name)
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.select(:name).distinct
# # => [#]
def distinct
@association.distinct
end
alias uniq distinct
# Count all records using SQL.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.count # => 3
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
def count(column_name = nil, options = {})
@association.count(column_name, options)
end
# Returns the size of the collection. If the collection hasn't been loaded,
# it executes a SELECT COUNT(*) query. Else it calls collection.size.
#
# If the collection has been already loaded +size+ and +length+ are
# equivalent. If not and you are going to need the records anyway
# +length+ will take one less query. Otherwise +size+ is more efficient.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# # executes something like SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "pets" WHERE "pets"."person_id" = 1
#
# person.pets # This will execute a SELECT * FROM query
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.size # => 3
# # Because the collection is already loaded, this will behave like
# # collection.size and no SQL count query is executed.
def size
@association.size
end
# Returns the size of the collection calling +size+ on the target.
# If the collection has been already loaded, +length+ and +size+ are
# equivalent. If not and you are going to need the records anyway this
# method will take one less query. Otherwise +size+ is more efficient.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.length # => 3
# # executes something like SELECT "pets".* FROM "pets" WHERE "pets"."person_id" = 1
#
# # Because the collection is loaded, you can
# # call the collection with no additional queries:
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
def length
@association.length
end
# Returns +true+ if the collection is empty. If the collection has been
# loaded or the :counter_sql option is provided, it is equivalent
# to collection.size.zero?. If the collection has not been loaded,
# it is equivalent to collection.exists?. If the collection has
# not already been loaded and you are going to fetch the records anyway it
# is better to check collection.length.zero?.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.count # => 1
# person.pets.empty? # => false
#
# person.pets.delete_all
#
# person.pets.count # => 0
# person.pets.empty? # => true
def empty?
@association.empty?
end
# Returns +true+ if the collection is not empty.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.count # => 0
# person.pets.any? # => false
#
# person.pets << Pet.new(name: 'Snoop')
# person.pets.count # => 0
# person.pets.any? # => true
#
# You can also pass a block to define criteria. The behavior
# is the same, it returns true if the collection based on the
# criteria is not empty.
#
# person.pets
# # => [#]
#
# person.pets.any? do |pet|
# pet.group == 'cats'
# end
# # => false
#
# person.pets.any? do |pet|
# pet.group == 'dogs'
# end
# # => true
def any?(&block)
@association.any?(&block)
end
# Returns true if the collection has more than one record.
# Equivalent to collection.size > 1.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.count #=> 1
# person.pets.many? #=> false
#
# person.pets << Pet.new(name: 'Snoopy')
# person.pets.count #=> 2
# person.pets.many? #=> true
#
# You can also pass a block to define criteria. The
# behavior is the same, it returns true if the collection
# based on the criteria has more than one record.
#
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# person.pets.many? do |pet|
# pet.group == 'dogs'
# end
# # => false
#
# person.pets.many? do |pet|
# pet.group == 'cats'
# end
# # => true
def many?(&block)
@association.many?(&block)
end
# Returns +true+ if the given object is present in the collection.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets # => [#]
#
# person.pets.include?(Pet.find(20)) # => true
# person.pets.include?(Pet.find(21)) # => false
def include?(record)
@association.include?(record)
end
def proxy_association
@association
end
# We don't want this object to be put on the scoping stack, because
# that could create an infinite loop where we call an @association
# method, which gets the current scope, which is this object, which
# delegates to @association, and so on.
def scoping
@association.scope.scoping { yield }
end
# Returns a Relation object for the records in this association
def scope
association = @association
@association.scope.extending! do
define_method(:proxy_association) { association }
end
end
# :nodoc:
alias spawn scope
# Equivalent to Array#==. Returns +true+ if the two arrays
# contain the same number of elements and if each element is equal
# to the corresponding element in the other array, otherwise returns
# +false+.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# other = person.pets.to_ary
#
# person.pets == other
# # => true
#
# other = [Pet.new(id: 1), Pet.new(id: 2)]
#
# person.pets == other
# # => false
def ==(other)
load_target == other
end
# Returns a new array of objects from the collection. If the collection
# hasn't been loaded, it fetches the records from the database.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# other_pets = person.pets.to_ary
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
#
# other_pets.replace([Pet.new(name: 'BooGoo')])
#
# other_pets
# # => [#]
#
# person.pets
# # This is not affected by replace
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
def to_ary
load_target.dup
end
alias_method :to_a, :to_ary
# Adds one or more +records+ to the collection by setting their foreign keys
# to the association's primary key. Returns +self+, so several appends may be
# chained together.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets.size # => 0
# person.pets << Pet.new(name: 'Fancy-Fancy')
# person.pets << [Pet.new(name: 'Spook'), Pet.new(name: 'Choo-Choo')]
# person.pets.size # => 3
#
# person.id # => 1
# person.pets
# # => [
# # #,
# # #,
# # #
# # ]
def <<(*records)
proxy_association.concat(records) && self
end
alias_method :push, :<<
alias_method :append, :<<
def prepend(*args)
raise NoMethodError, "prepend on association is not defined. Please use << or append"
end
# Equivalent to +delete_all+. The difference is that returns +self+, instead
# of an array with the deleted objects, so methods can be chained. See
# +delete_all+ for more information.
def clear
delete_all
self
end
# Reloads the collection from the database. Returns +self+.
# Equivalent to collection(true).
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pets
# end
#
# person.pets # fetches pets from the database
# # => [#]
#
# person.pets # uses the pets cache
# # => [#]
#
# person.pets.reload # fetches pets from the database
# # => [#]
#
# person.pets(true) # fetches pets from the database
# # => [#]
def reload
proxy_association.reload
self
end
end
end
end