require 'action_mailer/adv_attr_accessor' require 'action_mailer/part' require 'action_mailer/part_container' require 'action_mailer/utils' require 'tmail/net' module ActionMailer #:nodoc: # ActionMailer allows you to send email from your application using a mailer model and views. # # # = Mailer Models # # To use ActionMailer, you need to create a mailer model. # # $ script/generate mailer Notifier # # The generated model inherits from ActionMailer::Base. Emails are defined by creating methods within the model which are then # used to set variables to be used in the mail template, to change options on the mail, or # to add attachments. # # Examples: # # class Notifier < ActionMailer::Base # def signup_notification(recipient) # recipients recipient.email_address_with_name # from "system@example.com" # subject "New account information" # body :account => recipient # end # end # # Mailer methods have the following configuration methods available. # # * recipients - Takes one or more email addresses. These addresses are where your email will be delivered to. Sets the To: header. # * subject - The subject of your email. Sets the Subject: header. # * from - Who the email you are sending is from. Sets the From: header. # * cc - Takes one or more email addresses. These addresses will receive a carbon copy of your email. Sets the Cc: header. # * bcc - Takes one or more email address. These addresses will receive a blind carbon copy of your email. Sets the Bcc header. # * sent_on - The date on which the message was sent. If not set, the header wil be set by the delivery agent. # * content_type - Specify the content type of the message. Defaults to text/plain. # * headers - Specify additional headers to be set for the message, e.g. headers 'X-Mail-Count' => 107370. # # When a headers 'return-path' is specified, that value will be used as the 'envelope from' # address. Setting this is useful when you want delivery notifications sent to a different address than # the one in from. # # The body method has special behavior. It takes a hash which generates an instance variable # named after each key in the hash containing the value that that key points to. # # So, for example, body :account => recipient would result # in an instance variable @account with the value of recipient being accessible in the # view. # # # = Mailer views # # Like ActionController, each mailer class has a corresponding view directory # in which each method of the class looks for a template with its name. # To define a template to be used with a mailing, create an .erb file with the same name as the method # in your mailer model. For example, in the mailer defined above, the template at # app/views/notifier/signup_notification.erb would be used to generate the email. # # Variables defined in the model are accessible as instance variables in the view. # # Emails by default are sent in plain text, so a sample view for our model example might look like this: # # Hi <%= @account.name %>, # Thanks for joining our service! Please check back often. # # You can even use Action Pack helpers in these views. For example: # # You got a new note! # <%= truncate(note.body, 25) %> # # # = Generating URLs # # URLs can be generated in mailer views using url_for or named routes. # Unlike controllers from Action Pack, the mailer instance doesn't have any context about the incoming request, # so you'll need to provide all of the details needed to generate a URL. # # When using url_for you'll need to provide the :host, :controller, and :action: # # <%= url_for(:host => "example.com", :controller => "welcome", :action => "greeting") %> # # When using named routes you only need to supply the :host: # # <%= users_url(:host => "example.com") %> # # You will want to avoid using the name_of_route_path form of named routes because it doesn't make sense to # generate relative URLs in email messages. # # It is also possible to set a default host that will be used in all mailers by setting the :host option in # the ActionMailer::Base.default_url_options hash as follows: # # ActionMailer::Base.default_url_options[:host] = "example.com" # # This can also be set as a configuration option in config/environment.rb: # # config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { :host => "example.com" } # # If you do decide to set a default :host for your mailers you will want to use the # :only_path => false option when using url_for. This will ensure that absolute URLs are generated because # the url_for view helper will, by default, generate relative URLs when a :host option isn't # explicitly provided. # # = Sending mail # # Once a mailer action and template are defined, you can deliver your message or create it and save it # for delivery later: # # Notifier.deliver_signup_notification(david) # sends the email # mail = Notifier.create_signup_notification(david) # => a tmail object # Notifier.deliver(mail) # # You never instantiate your mailer class. Rather, your delivery instance # methods are automatically wrapped in class methods that start with the word # deliver_ followed by the name of the mailer method that you would # like to deliver. The signup_notification method defined above is # delivered by invoking Notifier.deliver_signup_notification. # # # = HTML email # # To send mail as HTML, make sure your view (the .erb file) generates HTML and # set the content type to html. # # class MyMailer < ActionMailer::Base # def signup_notification(recipient) # recipients recipient.email_address_with_name # subject "New account information" # body "account" => recipient # from "system@example.com" # content_type "text/html" # Here's where the magic happens # end # end # # # = Multipart email # # You can explicitly specify multipart messages: # # class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base # def signup_notification(recipient) # recipients recipient.email_address_with_name # subject "New account information" # from "system@example.com" # # part :content_type => "text/html", # :body => render_message("signup-as-html", :account => recipient) # # part "text/plain" do |p| # p.body = render_message("signup-as-plain", :account => recipient) # p.transfer_encoding = "base64" # end # end # end # # Multipart messages can also be used implicitly because ActionMailer will automatically # detect and use multipart templates, where each template is named after the name of the action, followed # by the content type. Each such detected template will be added as separate part to the message. # # For example, if the following templates existed: # * signup_notification.text.plain.erb # * signup_notification.text.html.erb # * signup_notification.text.xml.builder # * signup_notification.text.x-yaml.erb # # Each would be rendered and added as a separate part to the message, # with the corresponding content type. The same body hash is passed to # each template. # # # = Attachments # # Attachments can be added by using the +attachment+ method. # # Example: # # class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base # # attachments # def signup_notification(recipient) # recipients recipient.email_address_with_name # subject "New account information" # from "system@example.com" # # attachment :content_type => "image/jpeg", # :body => File.read("an-image.jpg") # # attachment "application/pdf" do |a| # a.body = generate_your_pdf_here() # end # end # end # # # = Configuration options # # These options are specified on the class level, like ActionMailer::Base.template_root = "/my/templates" # # * template_root - Determines the base from which template references will be made. # # * logger - the logger is used for generating information on the mailing run if available. # Can be set to nil for no logging. Compatible with both Ruby's own Logger and Log4r loggers. # # * smtp_settings - Allows detailed configuration for :smtp delivery method: # * :address - Allows you to use a remote mail server. Just change it from its default "localhost" setting. # * :port - On the off chance that your mail server doesn't run on port 25, you can change it. # * :domain - If you need to specify a HELO domain, you can do it here. # * :user_name - If your mail server requires authentication, set the username in this setting. # * :password - If your mail server requires authentication, set the password in this setting. # * :authentication - If your mail server requires authentication, you need to specify the authentication type here. # This is a symbol and one of :plain, :login, :cram_md5 # # * sendmail_settings - Allows you to override options for the :sendmail delivery method # * :location - The location of the sendmail executable, defaults to "/usr/sbin/sendmail" # * :arguments - The command line arguments # # * raise_delivery_errors - Whether or not errors should be raised if the email fails to be delivered. # # * delivery_method - Defines a delivery method. Possible values are :smtp (default), :sendmail, and :test. # # * perform_deliveries - Determines whether deliver_* methods are actually carried out. By default they are, # but this can be turned off to help functional testing. # # * deliveries - Keeps an array of all the emails sent out through the Action Mailer with delivery_method :test. Most useful # for unit and functional testing. # # * default_charset - The default charset used for the body and to encode the subject. Defaults to UTF-8. You can also # pick a different charset from inside a method with @charset. # * default_content_type - The default content type used for the main part of the message. Defaults to "text/plain". You # can also pick a different content type from inside a method with @content_type. # * default_mime_version - The default mime version used for the message. Defaults to "1.0". You # can also pick a different value from inside a method with @mime_version. # * default_implicit_parts_order - When a message is built implicitly (i.e. multiple parts are assembled from templates # which specify the content type in their filenames) this variable controls how the parts are ordered. Defaults to # ["text/html", "text/enriched", "text/plain"]. Items that appear first in the array have higher priority in the mail client # and appear last in the mime encoded message. You can also pick a different order from inside a method with # @implicit_parts_order. class Base include AdvAttrAccessor, PartContainer include ActionController::UrlWriter if Object.const_defined?(:ActionController) private_class_method :new #:nodoc: class_inheritable_accessor :template_root cattr_accessor :logger cattr_accessor :template_extensions @@template_extensions = ['erb', 'builder', 'rhtml', 'rxml'] @@smtp_settings = { :address => "localhost", :port => 25, :domain => 'localhost.localdomain', :user_name => nil, :password => nil, :authentication => nil } cattr_accessor :smtp_settings @@sendmail_settings = { :location => '/usr/sbin/sendmail', :arguments => '-i -t' } cattr_accessor :sendmail_settings @@raise_delivery_errors = true cattr_accessor :raise_delivery_errors superclass_delegating_accessor :delivery_method self.delivery_method = :smtp @@perform_deliveries = true cattr_accessor :perform_deliveries @@deliveries = [] cattr_accessor :deliveries @@default_charset = "utf-8" cattr_accessor :default_charset @@default_content_type = "text/plain" cattr_accessor :default_content_type @@default_mime_version = "1.0" cattr_accessor :default_mime_version @@default_implicit_parts_order = [ "text/html", "text/enriched", "text/plain" ] cattr_accessor :default_implicit_parts_order # Specify the BCC addresses for the message adv_attr_accessor :bcc # Define the body of the message. This is either a Hash (in which case it # specifies the variables to pass to the template when it is rendered), # or a string, in which case it specifies the actual text of the message. adv_attr_accessor :body # Specify the CC addresses for the message. adv_attr_accessor :cc # Specify the charset to use for the message. This defaults to the # +default_charset+ specified for ActionMailer::Base. adv_attr_accessor :charset # Specify the content type for the message. This defaults to text/plain # in most cases, but can be automatically set in some situations. adv_attr_accessor :content_type # Specify the from address for the message. adv_attr_accessor :from # Specify additional headers to be added to the message. adv_attr_accessor :headers # Specify the order in which parts should be sorted, based on content-type. # This defaults to the value for the +default_implicit_parts_order+. adv_attr_accessor :implicit_parts_order # Defaults to "1.0", but may be explicitly given if needed. adv_attr_accessor :mime_version # The recipient addresses for the message, either as a string (for a single # address) or an array (for multiple addresses). adv_attr_accessor :recipients # The date on which the message was sent. If not set (the default), the # header will be set by the delivery agent. adv_attr_accessor :sent_on # Specify the subject of the message. adv_attr_accessor :subject # Specify the template name to use for current message. This is the "base" # template name, without the extension or directory, and may be used to # have multiple mailer methods share the same template. adv_attr_accessor :template # Override the mailer name, which defaults to an inflected version of the # mailer's class name. If you want to use a template in a non-standard # location, you can use this to specify that location. def mailer_name(value = nil) if value self.mailer_name = value else self.class.mailer_name end end def mailer_name=(value) self.class.mailer_name = value end # The mail object instance referenced by this mailer. attr_reader :mail class << self attr_writer :mailer_name def mailer_name @mailer_name ||= name.underscore end # for ActionView compatibility alias_method :controller_name, :mailer_name alias_method :controller_path, :mailer_name def method_missing(method_symbol, *parameters)#:nodoc: case method_symbol.id2name when /^create_([_a-z]\w*)/ then new($1, *parameters).mail when /^deliver_([_a-z]\w*)/ then new($1, *parameters).deliver! when "new" then nil else super end end # Receives a raw email, parses it into an email object, decodes it, # instantiates a new mailer, and passes the email object to the mailer # object's #receive method. If you want your mailer to be able to # process incoming messages, you'll need to implement a #receive # method that accepts the email object as a parameter: # # class MyMailer < ActionMailer::Base # def receive(mail) # ... # end # end def receive(raw_email) logger.info "Received mail:\n #{raw_email}" unless logger.nil? mail = TMail::Mail.parse(raw_email) mail.base64_decode new.receive(mail) end # Deliver the given mail object directly. This can be used to deliver # a preconstructed mail object, like: # # email = MyMailer.create_some_mail(parameters) # email.set_some_obscure_header "frobnicate" # MyMailer.deliver(email) def deliver(mail) new.deliver!(mail) end # Register a template extension so mailer templates written in a # templating language other than rhtml or rxml are supported. # To use this, include in your template-language plugin's init # code or on a per-application basis, this can be invoked from # config/environment.rb: # # ActionMailer::Base.register_template_extension('haml') def register_template_extension(extension) template_extensions << extension end def template_root=(root) write_inheritable_attribute(:template_root, root) ActionView::TemplateFinder.process_view_paths(root) end end # Instantiate a new mailer object. If +method_name+ is not +nil+, the mailer # will be initialized according to the named method. If not, the mailer will # remain uninitialized (useful when you only need to invoke the "receive" # method, for instance). def initialize(method_name=nil, *parameters) #:nodoc: create!(method_name, *parameters) if method_name end # Initialize the mailer via the given +method_name+. The body will be # rendered and a new TMail::Mail object created. def create!(method_name, *parameters) #:nodoc: initialize_defaults(method_name) __send__(method_name, *parameters) # If an explicit, textual body has not been set, we check assumptions. unless String === @body # First, we look to see if there are any likely templates that match, # which include the content-type in their file name (i.e., # "the_template_file.text.html.erb", etc.). Only do this if parts # have not already been specified manually. if @parts.empty? templates = Dir.glob("#{template_path}/#{@template}.*") templates.each do |path| basename = File.basename(path) template_regex = Regexp.new("^([^\\\.]+)\\\.([^\\\.]+\\\.[^\\\.]+)\\\.(" + template_extensions.join('|') + ")$") next unless md = template_regex.match(basename) template_name = basename content_type = md.captures[1].gsub('.', '/') @parts << Part.new(:content_type => content_type, :disposition => "inline", :charset => charset, :body => render_message(template_name, @body)) end unless @parts.empty? @content_type = "multipart/alternative" @parts = sort_parts(@parts, @implicit_parts_order) end end # Then, if there were such templates, we check to see if we ought to # also render a "normal" template (without the content type). If a # normal template exists (or if there were no implicit parts) we render # it. template_exists = @parts.empty? template_exists ||= Dir.glob("#{template_path}/#{@template}.*").any? { |i| File.basename(i).split(".").length == 2 } @body = render_message(@template, @body) if template_exists # Finally, if there are other message parts and a textual body exists, # we shift it onto the front of the parts and set the body to nil (so # that create_mail doesn't try to render it in addition to the parts). if !@parts.empty? && String === @body @parts.unshift Part.new(:charset => charset, :body => @body) @body = nil end end # If this is a multipart e-mail add the mime_version if it is not # already set. @mime_version ||= "1.0" if !@parts.empty? # build the mail object itself @mail = create_mail end # Delivers a TMail::Mail object. By default, it delivers the cached mail # object (from the #create! method). If no cached mail object exists, and # no alternate has been given as the parameter, this will fail. def deliver!(mail = @mail) raise "no mail object available for delivery!" unless mail unless logger.nil? logger.info "Sent mail to #{Array(recipients).join(', ')}" logger.debug "\n#{mail.encoded}" end begin __send__("perform_delivery_#{delivery_method}", mail) if perform_deliveries rescue Exception => e # Net::SMTP errors or sendmail pipe errors raise e if raise_delivery_errors end return mail end private # Set up the default values for the various instance variables of this # mailer. Subclasses may override this method to provide different # defaults. def initialize_defaults(method_name) @charset ||= @@default_charset.dup @content_type ||= @@default_content_type.dup @implicit_parts_order ||= @@default_implicit_parts_order.dup @template ||= method_name @mailer_name ||= self.class.name.underscore @parts ||= [] @headers ||= {} @body ||= {} @mime_version = @@default_mime_version.dup if @@default_mime_version end def render_message(method_name, body) render :file => method_name, :body => body end def render(opts) body = opts.delete(:body) if opts[:file] && opts[:file] !~ /\// opts[:file] = "#{mailer_name}/#{opts[:file]}" end initialize_template_class(body).render(opts) end def template_path "#{template_root}/#{mailer_name}" end def initialize_template_class(assigns) ActionView::Base.new([template_root], assigns, self) end def sort_parts(parts, order = []) order = order.collect { |s| s.downcase } parts = parts.sort do |a, b| a_ct = a.content_type.downcase b_ct = b.content_type.downcase a_in = order.include? a_ct b_in = order.include? b_ct s = case when a_in && b_in order.index(a_ct) <=> order.index(b_ct) when a_in -1 when b_in 1 else a_ct <=> b_ct end # reverse the ordering because parts that come last are displayed # first in mail clients (s * -1) end parts end def create_mail m = TMail::Mail.new m.subject, = quote_any_if_necessary(charset, subject) m.to, m.from = quote_any_address_if_necessary(charset, recipients, from) m.bcc = quote_address_if_necessary(bcc, charset) unless bcc.nil? m.cc = quote_address_if_necessary(cc, charset) unless cc.nil? m.mime_version = mime_version unless mime_version.nil? m.date = sent_on.to_time rescue sent_on if sent_on headers.each { |k, v| m[k] = v } real_content_type, ctype_attrs = parse_content_type if @parts.empty? m.set_content_type(real_content_type, nil, ctype_attrs) m.body = Utils.normalize_new_lines(body) else if String === body part = TMail::Mail.new part.body = Utils.normalize_new_lines(body) part.set_content_type(real_content_type, nil, ctype_attrs) part.set_content_disposition "inline" m.parts << part end @parts.each do |p| part = (TMail::Mail === p ? p : p.to_mail(self)) m.parts << part end if real_content_type =~ /multipart/ ctype_attrs.delete "charset" m.set_content_type(real_content_type, nil, ctype_attrs) end end @mail = m end def perform_delivery_smtp(mail) destinations = mail.destinations mail.ready_to_send sender = mail['return-path'] || mail.from Net::SMTP.start(smtp_settings[:address], smtp_settings[:port], smtp_settings[:domain], smtp_settings[:user_name], smtp_settings[:password], smtp_settings[:authentication]) do |smtp| smtp.sendmail(mail.encoded, sender, destinations) end end def perform_delivery_sendmail(mail) sendmail_args = sendmail_settings[:arguments] sendmail_args += " -f \"#{mail['return-path']}\"" if mail['return-path'] IO.popen("#{sendmail_settings[:location]} #{sendmail_args}","w+") do |sm| sm.print(mail.encoded.gsub(/\r/, '')) sm.flush end end def perform_delivery_test(mail) deliveries << mail end end end