From 6d87cd028b32570973450424db164e5405a0ee13 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Xavier Noria <fxn@hashref.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Mar 2012 08:32:49 -0700
Subject: moves the guides up to the root directory

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+h2. Rails Application Templates
+
+Application templates are simple Ruby files containing DSL for adding gems/initializers etc. to your freshly created Rails project or an existing Rails project.
+
+By referring to this guide, you will be able to:
+
+* Use templates to generate/customize Rails applications
+* Write your own reusable application templates using the Rails template API
+
+endprologue.
+
+h3. Usage
+
+To apply a template, you need to provide the Rails generator with the location of the template you wish to apply, using -m option. This can either be path to a file or a URL.
+
+<shell>
+$ rails new blog -m ~/template.rb
+$ rails new blog -m http://example.com/template.rb
+</shell>
+
+You can use the rake task +rails:template+ to apply templates to an existing Rails application. The location of the template needs to be passed in to an environment variable named LOCATION. Again, this can either be path to a file or a URL.
+
+<shell>
+$ rake rails:template LOCATION=~/template.rb
+$ rake rails:template LOCATION=http://example.com/template.rb
+</shell>
+
+h3. Template API
+
+Rails templates API is very self explanatory and easy to understand. Here's an example of a typical Rails template:
+
+<ruby>
+# template.rb
+run "rm public/index.html"
+generate(:scaffold, "person name:string")
+route "root :to => 'people#index'"
+rake("db:migrate")
+
+git :init
+git :add => "."
+git :commit => "-a -m 'Initial commit'"
+</ruby>
+
+The following sections outlines the primary methods provided by the API:
+
+h4. gem(name, options = {})
+
+Adds a +gem+ entry for the supplied gem to the generated application’s +Gemfile+.
+
+For example, if your application depends on the gems +bj+ and +nokogiri+:
+
+<ruby>
+gem "bj"
+gem "nokogiri"
+</ruby>
+
+Please note that this will NOT install the gems for you and you will have to run +bundle install+ to do that.
+
+<ruby>
+bundle install
+</ruby>
+
+h4. gem_group(*names, &block)
+
+Wraps gem entries inside a group.
+
+For example, if you want to load +rspec-rails+ only in +development+ and +test+ group:
+
+<ruby>
+gem_group :development, :test do
+  gem "rspec-rails"
+end
+</ruby>
+
+h4. add_source(source, options = {})
+
+Adds the given source to the generated application's +Gemfile+.
+
+For example, if you need to source a gem from "http://code.whytheluckystiff.net":
+
+<ruby>
+add_source "http://code.whytheluckystiff.net"
+</ruby>
+
+h4. vendor/lib/file/initializer(filename, data = nil, &block)
+
+Adds an initializer to the generated application’s +config/initializers+ directory.
+
+Lets say you like using +Object#not_nil?+ and +Object#not_blank?+:
+
+<ruby>
+initializer 'bloatlol.rb', <<-CODE
+class Object
+  def not_nil?
+    !nil?
+  end
+
+  def not_blank?
+    !blank?
+  end
+end
+CODE
+</ruby>
+
+Similarly +lib()+ creates a file in the +lib/+ directory and +vendor()+ creates a file in the +vendor/+ directory.
+
+There is even +file()+, which accepts a relative path from +Rails.root+ and creates all the directories/file needed:
+
+<ruby>
+file 'app/components/foo.rb', <<-CODE
+class Foo
+end
+CODE
+</ruby>
+
+That’ll create +app/components+ directory and put +foo.rb+ in there.
+
+h4. rakefile(filename, data = nil, &block)
+
+Creates a new rake file under +lib/tasks+ with the supplied tasks:
+
+<ruby>
+rakefile("bootstrap.rake") do
+  <<-TASK
+    namespace :boot do
+      task :strap do
+        puts "i like boots!"
+      end
+    end
+  TASK
+end
+</ruby>
+
+The above creates +lib/tasks/bootstrap.rake+ with a +boot:strap+ rake task.
+
+h4. generate(what, args)
+
+Runs the supplied rails generator with given arguments.
+
+<ruby>
+generate(:scaffold, "person", "name:string", "address:text", "age:number")
+</ruby>
+
+h4. run(command)
+
+Executes an arbitrary command. Just like the backticks. Let's say you want to remove the +public/index.html+ file:
+
+<ruby>
+run "rm public/index.html"
+</ruby>
+
+h4. rake(command, options = {})
+
+Runs the supplied rake tasks in the Rails application. Let's say you want to migrate the database:
+
+<ruby>
+rake "db:migrate"
+</ruby>
+
+You can also run rake tasks with a different Rails environment:
+
+<ruby>
+rake "db:migrate", :env => 'production'
+</ruby>
+
+h4. route(routing_code)
+
+This adds a routing entry to the +config/routes.rb+ file. In above steps, we generated a person scaffold and also removed +public/index.html+. Now to make +PeopleController#index+ as the default page for the application:
+
+<ruby>
+route "root :to => 'person#index'"
+</ruby>
+
+h4. inside(dir)
+
+Enables you to run a command from the given directory. For example, if you have a copy of edge rails that you wish to symlink from your new apps, you can do this:
+
+<ruby>
+inside('vendor') do
+  run "ln -s ~/commit-rails/rails rails"
+end
+</ruby>
+
+h4. ask(question)
+
++ask()+ gives you a chance to get some feedback from the user and use it in your templates. Lets say you want your user to name the new shiny library you’re adding:
+
+<ruby>
+lib_name = ask("What do you want to call the shiny library ?")
+lib_name << ".rb" unless lib_name.index(".rb")
+
+lib lib_name, <<-CODE
+class Shiny
+end
+CODE
+</ruby>
+
+h4. yes?(question) or no?(question)
+
+These methods let you ask questions from templates and decide the flow based on the user’s answer. Lets say you want to freeze rails only if the user want to:
+
+<ruby>
+rake("rails:freeze:gems") if yes?("Freeze rails gems ?")
+no?(question) acts just the opposite.
+</ruby>
+
+h4. git(:command)
+
+Rails templates let you run any git command:
+
+<ruby>
+git :init
+git :add => "."
+git :commit => "-a -m 'Initial commit'"
+</ruby>
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