| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age | Files | Lines |
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If we want to get alias resolved attribute finally, we can use
`attribute_alias` directly.
For that purpose, avoiding redundant `attribute_alias?` makes alias
attribute access 40% faster.
https://gist.github.com/kamipo/e427f080a27b46f50bc508fae3612a0e
Before (2c0729d8):
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
user['id'] 102.668k i/100ms
user['new_id'] 80.660k i/100ms
user['name'] 99.368k i/100ms
user['new_name'] 81.626k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
user['id'] 1.431M (± 4.0%) i/s - 7.187M in 5.031985s
user['new_id'] 1.042M (± 4.2%) i/s - 5.243M in 5.039858s
user['name'] 1.406M (± 5.6%) i/s - 7.055M in 5.036743s
user['new_name'] 1.074M (± 3.6%) i/s - 5.387M in 5.024152s
```
After (this change):
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
user['id'] 109.775k i/100ms
user['new_id'] 103.303k i/100ms
user['name'] 105.988k i/100ms
user['new_name'] 99.618k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
user['id'] 1.520M (± 6.7%) i/s - 7.574M in 5.011496s
user['new_id'] 1.485M (± 6.2%) i/s - 7.438M in 5.036252s
user['name'] 1.538M (± 5.4%) i/s - 7.737M in 5.049765s
user['new_name'] 1.516M (± 4.6%) i/s - 7.571M in 5.007293s
```
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I've realized that `user.id` is 20% slower than `user.name` in the
benchmark (https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/35987#issuecomment-483882480).
The reason that performance difference is that `self.class.primary_key`
method call is a bit slow.
Avoiding that method call will make almost attribute access faster and
`user.id` will be completely the same performance with `user.name`.
Before (02b5b8cb):
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
user.id 140.535k i/100ms
user['id'] 96.549k i/100ms
user.name 158.110k i/100ms
user['name'] 94.507k i/100ms
user.changed? 19.003k i/100ms
user.saved_changes? 25.404k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
user.id 2.231M (± 0.9%) i/s - 11.243M in 5.040066s
user['id'] 1.310M (± 1.3%) i/s - 6.565M in 5.012607s
user.name 2.683M (± 1.2%) i/s - 13.439M in 5.009392s
user['name'] 1.322M (± 0.9%) i/s - 6.615M in 5.003239s
user.changed? 201.999k (±10.9%) i/s - 1.007M in 5.091195s
user.saved_changes? 258.214k (±17.1%) i/s - 1.245M in 5.007421s
```
After (this change):
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
user.id 158.364k i/100ms
user['id'] 106.412k i/100ms
user.name 158.644k i/100ms
user['name'] 107.518k i/100ms
user.changed? 19.082k i/100ms
user.saved_changes? 24.886k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
user.id 2.768M (± 1.1%) i/s - 13.936M in 5.034957s
user['id'] 1.507M (± 2.1%) i/s - 7.555M in 5.017211s
user.name 2.727M (± 1.5%) i/s - 13.643M in 5.004766s
user['name'] 1.521M (± 1.3%) i/s - 7.634M in 5.018321s
user.changed? 200.865k (±11.1%) i/s - 992.264k in 5.044868s
user.saved_changes? 269.652k (±10.5%) i/s - 1.344M in 5.077972s
```
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Method call in Ruby is a bit slow.
This makes attribute access 10% faster by avoiding method call
(`sync_with_transaction_state`).
Before (96cf7e0e):
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
user.id 131.291k i/100ms
user['id'] 91.786k i/100ms
user.name 151.605k i/100ms
user['name'] 92.664k i/100ms
user.changed? 17.772k i/100ms
user.saved_changes? 23.909k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
user.id 1.988M (± 7.0%) i/s - 9.978M in 5.051474s
user['id'] 1.155M (± 5.8%) i/s - 5.783M in 5.022672s
user.name 2.450M (± 4.3%) i/s - 12.280M in 5.021234s
user['name'] 1.263M (± 2.1%) i/s - 6.394M in 5.066638s
user.changed? 175.070k (±13.3%) i/s - 853.056k in 5.011555s
user.saved_changes? 259.114k (±11.8%) i/s - 1.267M in 5.001260s
```
After (this change):
```
Warming up --------------------------------------
user.id 137.625k i/100ms
user['id'] 96.054k i/100ms
user.name 156.379k i/100ms
user['name'] 94.795k i/100ms
user.changed? 18.172k i/100ms
user.saved_changes? 24.337k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
user.id 2.201M (± 0.5%) i/s - 11.010M in 5.002955s
user['id'] 1.320M (± 1.0%) i/s - 6.628M in 5.021293s
user.name 2.677M (± 1.6%) i/s - 13.449M in 5.024399s
user['name'] 1.314M (± 1.8%) i/s - 6.636M in 5.051444s
user.changed? 190.588k (±11.1%) i/s - 944.944k in 5.065848s
user.saved_changes? 262.782k (±12.1%) i/s - 1.290M in 5.028080s
```
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Currently the rollback only restores primary key value, `new_record?`,
`destroyed?`, and `frozen?`. Since the `save` clears current dirty
attribute states, retrying save after rollback will causes no change
saved if partial writes is enabled (by default).
This makes `remember_transaction_record_state` remembers original values
then restores dirty attribute states after rollback.
Fixes #15018.
Fixes #30167.
Fixes #33868.
Fixes #33443.
Closes #33444.
Closes #34504.
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Unify _read_attribute definition to use &block
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Thanks to ko1, passing block parameter to another method is
significantly optimized in Ruby 2.5.
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14045
Thus we no longer need to keep this ugly hack.
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When `attr_name` is passed as a symbol, it's currently converted to a
string by `attribute_alias?`, and potentially also `attribute_alias`,
as well as by the `read_attribute`/`write_attribute` method itself.
By converting `attr_name` to a string up front, the extra allocations
related to attribute aliases can be avoided.
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Ruby uses the original method name, so will show the __temp__ method
name in the backtrace. However, in the common case the method name
is compatible with the `def` keyword, so we can avoid the __temp__
method name in that case to improve the name shown in backtraces
or TracePoint#method_id.
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Since Rails 6.0 will support Ruby 2.4.1 or higher
`# frozen_string_literal: true` magic comment is enough to make string object frozen.
This magic comment is enabled by `Style/FrozenStringLiteralComment` cop.
* Exclude these files not to auto correct false positive `Regexp#freeze`
- 'actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/journey/router/utils.rb'
- 'activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/sqlite3_adapter.rb'
It has been fixed by https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop/pull/6333
Once the newer version of RuboCop released and available at Code Climate these exclude entries should be removed.
* Replace `String#freeze` with `String#-@` manually if explicit frozen string objects are required
- 'actionpack/test/controller/test_case_test.rb'
- 'activemodel/test/cases/type/string_test.rb'
- 'activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/strip.rb'
- 'activesupport/test/core_ext/string_ext_test.rb'
- 'railties/test/generators/actions_test.rb'
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This commit fixes all references in the codebase missing a trailing :,
which causes the nodoc not to actually work :) [skip ci]
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https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/12752
https://ruby-doc.org/core-2.4.0/String.html#method-i-unpack1
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Benchmark Script:
```
require 'active_record'
require 'benchmark/ips'
ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(ENV.fetch('DATABASE_URL'))
ActiveRecord::Migration.verbose = false
ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
create_table :users, force: true do |t|
t.string :name, :email
t.integer :topic_id
t.timestamps null: false
end
create_table :topics, force: true do |t|
t.string :title
t.timestamps null: false
end
end
attributes = {
name: 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.',
email: 'foobar@email.com'
}
class Topic < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :users
end
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :topic
end
100.times do
User.create!(attributes)
end
users = User.first(50)
Topic.create!(title: 'This is a topic', users: users)
Benchmark.ips do |x|
x.config(time: 10, warmup: 5)
x.report("preload") do
User.includes(:topic).all.to_a
end
end
```
Before:
```
Calculating -------------------------------------
preload 40.000 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
preload 407.962 (± 1.5%) i/s - 4.080k
```
After:
```
alculating -------------------------------------
preload 43.000 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
preload 427.567 (± 1.6%) i/s - 4.300k
```
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Sync transaction state when accessing primary key
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If a record is modified inside a transaction, it must check the outcome
of that transaction before accessing any state which would no longer be
valid if it was rolled back.
For example, consider a new record that was saved inside a transaction
which was later rolled back: it should be restored to its previous state
so that saving it again inserts a new row into the database instead of
trying to update a row that no longer exists.
The `id` and `id=` methods defined on the PrimaryKey module implement
this correctly, but when a model uses a custom primary key, the reader
and writer methods for that attribute must check the transaction state
too. The `read_attribute` and `write_attribute` methods also need to
check the transaction state when accessing the primary key.
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This reverts commit 3420a14590c0e6915d8b6c242887f74adb4120f9, reversing
changes made to afb66a5a598ce4ac74ad84b125a5abf046dcf5aa.
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Some methods were added to public API in
5b14129d8d4ad302b4e11df6bd5c7891b75f393c and they should be not part of
the public API.
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- If aliased, then use the aliased attribute name.
- Fixes #26417.
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All indentation was normalized by rubocop auto-correct at 80e66cc4d90bf8c15d1a5f6e3152e90147f00772.
But comments was still kept absolute position. This commit aligns
comments with method definitions for consistency.
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All indentation was normalized by rubocop auto-correct at 80e66cc4d90bf8c15d1a5f6e3152e90147f00772.
But heredocs was still kept absolute position. This commit aligns
heredocs indentation for consistency.
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The current code base is not uniform. After some discussion,
we have chosen to go with double quotes by default.
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We are only supporting Ruby 2.2 and later in Rails 5, so we do not need
an actual constant here. Additionally, referencing a constant actually
does a hash lookup (because constants are not constant in Ruby >_>).
This will be marginally (likely immeasurable) faster. It is less ugly.
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I wrote a utility that helps find areas where you could optimize your program using a frozen string instead of a string literal, it's called [let_it_go](https://github.com/schneems/let_it_go). After going through the output and adding `.freeze` I was able to eliminate the creation of 1,114 string objects on EVERY request to [codetriage](codetriage.com). How does this impact execution?
To look at memory:
```ruby
require 'get_process_mem'
mem = GetProcessMem.new
GC.start
GC.disable
1_114.times { " " }
before = mem.mb
after = mem.mb
GC.enable
puts "Diff: #{after - before} mb"
```
Creating 1,114 string objects results in `Diff: 0.03125 mb` of RAM allocated on every request. Or 1mb every 32 requests.
To look at raw speed:
```ruby
require 'benchmark/ips'
number_of_objects_reduced = 1_114
Benchmark.ips do |x|
x.report("freeze") { number_of_objects_reduced.times { " ".freeze } }
x.report("no-freeze") { number_of_objects_reduced.times { " " } }
end
```
We get the results
```
Calculating -------------------------------------
freeze 1.428k i/100ms
no-freeze 609.000 i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
freeze 14.363k (± 8.5%) i/s - 71.400k
no-freeze 6.084k (± 8.1%) i/s - 30.450k
```
Now we can do some maths:
```ruby
ips = 6_226k # iterations / 1 second
call_time_before = 1.0 / ips # seconds per iteration
ips = 15_254 # iterations / 1 second
call_time_after = 1.0 / ips # seconds per iteration
diff = call_time_before - call_time_after
number_of_objects_reduced * diff * 100
# => 0.4530373333993266 miliseconds saved per request
```
So we're shaving off 1 second of execution time for every 220 requests.
Is this going to be an insane speed boost to any Rails app: nope. Should we merge it: yep.
p.s. If you know of a method call that doesn't modify a string input such as [String#gsub](https://github.com/schneems/let_it_go/blob/b0e2da69f0cca87ab581022baa43291cdf48638c/lib/let_it_go/core_ext/string.rb#L37) please [give me a pull request to the appropriate file](https://github.com/schneems/let_it_go/blob/b0e2da69f0cca87ab581022baa43291cdf48638c/lib/let_it_go/core_ext/string.rb#L37), or open an issue in LetItGo so we can track and freeze more strings.
Keep those strings Frozen
![](https://www.dropbox.com/s/z4dj9fdsv213r4v/let-it-go.gif?dl=1)
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The `&block` form is more than twice as fast as the manual form of
delegation (and is the code I'd rather write anyway). Unfortunately,
it's still twice as slow on MRI. However, this is enough of a hotspot to
justify giving JRuby special treatment.
I can't currently provide benchmarks in the context of Active Record,
since the JDBC adapters still aren't updated for 4.2, but the actual
work performed (assuming it's been read at least once already) will have
nearly the same performance characteristics as
https://gist.github.com/sgrif/b86832786551aaee74de.
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ref #52f641264b1325a4c2bdce7971b14524bd4905f1
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Conflicts:
activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute_methods/read.rb
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We added a comparison to "id", and call to `self.class.primary_key` a
*lot*. We also have performance hits from `&block` all over the place.
We skip the check in a new method, in order to avoid breaking the
behavior of `read_attribute`
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Using heredoc would enforce line wrapping to whatever column width we decided to
use in the code, making it difficult for the users to read on some consoles.
This does make the source code read slightly worse and a bit more error-prone,
but this seems like a fair price to pay since the primary purpose for these
messages are for the users to read and the code will not stick around for too
long.
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Moved `Builder` to its own file, as it started looking very weird once I
added private methods to the `AttributeSet` class and the `Builder`
class started to grow.
Would like to refactor `fetch_value` to change to
```ruby
self[name].value(&block)
```
But that requires the attributes to know about their name, which they
currently do not.
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There's a lot more that can be moved to these, but this felt like a good
place to introduce the object. Plans are:
- Remove all knowledge of type casting from the columns, beyond a
reference to the cast_type
- Move type_cast_for_database to these objects
- Potentially make them mutable, introduce a state machine, and have
dirty checking handled here as well
- Move `attribute`, `decorate_attribute`, and anything else that
modifies types to mess with this object, not the columns hash
- Introduce a collection object to manage these, reduce allocations, and
not require serializing the types
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The original patch that added this concept can be found
[here](https://web.archive.org/web/20090601022739/http://dev.rubyonrails.org/ticket/9767).
The current default behavior is to cache everything except serialized
columns, unless the user specified otherwise. If anyone were to specify
otherwise, many types would actually be completely broken. Still, the
method is left in place with a deprecation warning in case anyone is
actually still calling this method.
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In some cases there is a difference between the two, we should always
be doing one or the other. For convenience, `type_cast` is still a
private method on type, so new types that do not need different behavior
don't need to implement two methods, but it has been moved to private so
it cannot be used accidentally.
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Nearly completely implemented in terms of custom properties.
`_before_type_cast` now stores the raw serialized string consistently,
which removes the need to keep track of "state". The following is now
consistently true:
- `model.serialized == model.reload.serialized`
- A model can be dumped and loaded infinitely without changing
- A model can be saved and reloaded infinitely without changing
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`@attributes` was actually used for `_before_type_cast` and friends,
while `@attributes_cache` is the type cast version (and caching is the
wrong word there, but I'm working on removing the conditionals around
that). I opted for `@raw_attributes`, because `_before_type_cast` is
also semantically misleading. The values in said hash are in the state
given by the form builder or database, so raw seemed to be a good word.
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The `:timestamp` type for columns is unused. All database adapters treat
them as the same database type. All code in `ActiveRecord` which changes
its behavior based on the column's type acts the same in both cases.
However, when the type is passed to code that checks for the `:datetime`
type, but not `:timestamp` (such as XML serialization), the result is
unexpected behavior.
Existing schema definitions will continue to work, and the `timestamp`
type is transparently aliased to `datetime`.
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