2 files changed, 5 insertions, 3 deletions
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb
index a6013f754a..20a5ca2baa 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql2_adapter.rb
@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
   module ConnectionHandling
     # Establishes a connection to the database that's used by all Active Record objects.
     def mysql2_connection(config)
+      config = config.symbolize_keys
+
       config[:username] = 'root' if config[:username].nil?
 
       if Mysql2::Client.const_defined? :FOUND_ROWS
         config[:flags] = Mysql2::Client::FOUND_ROWS
       end
 
-      client = Mysql2::Client.new(config.symbolize_keys)
+      client = Mysql2::Client.new(config)
       options = [config[:host], config[:username], config[:password], config[:database], config[:port], config[:socket], 0]
       ConnectionAdapters::Mysql2Adapter.new(client, logger, options, config)
     end
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
index e10b562fa4..8c68576bdc 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/schema_statements.rb
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
         #   create_database config[:database], config
         #   create_database 'foo_development', encoding: 'unicode'
         def create_database(name, options = {})
-          options = options.reverse_merge(:encoding => "utf8")
+          options = { encoding: 'utf8' }.merge!(options.symbolize_keys)
 
-          option_string = options.symbolize_keys.sum do |key, value|
+          option_string = options.sum do |key, value|
             case key
             when :owner
               " OWNER = \"#{value}\""